Determination of color characteristics of objects using spatially modulated light

• US 10,451,482 B2
• Filed: 02/14/2014
• Issued: 10/22/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 02/14/2014
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Martini, Joerg, Bern, Marshall W., Johnson, Noble M., Kiesel, Peter, Kletter, Doron, Cheng, Bowen, Recht, Michael I.
• Primary Examiner(s): Prieto, Violeta A
• Application Number:
  US14/181,571
• Publication Number:
  US 20150276486A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,076 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/51 using colour filters
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/1429 Signal processing
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/1433 using image recognition
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/1434 Optical arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/1459 the analysis being performed on a sample stream
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/147 the analysis being performed on a sample stream
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2015/1006 for cytology
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2015/1447 Spatial selection
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2015/1472 with colour
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2015/1477 Multiparameters

Abstract

A system is configured to determine a color distribution of an object moving along a flow direction relative to a spatial filter. The light emanating from the object is time modulated according to the mask features of the spatial filter. First and second detectors are arranged to sense the modulated light. The first detector senses light having a first wavelength spectrum and generates a first electrical output signal in response to the sensed light. The second detector light senses light having a second wavelength spectrum and generates a second electrical output signal in response to the sensed light. Signals from the first and second detectors include information about color distribution of the object.

Claims

1. A system, comprising:

a spatial filter having a plurality of mask features and extending along a flow direction, light emanating from at least one object moving along the flow direction, an intensity of the emanating light being time modulated according to the mask features;

a first detector positioned to sense a first portion of the emanating light, the first portion of light having a first wavelength range, the first detector configured to generate a first time varying electrical signal in response to the first portion of light;

a second detector positioned to sense a second portion of the emanating light, the second portion of light having a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range, the second detector configured to generate a second time varying electrical signal in response to the second portion of light; and

an analyzer configured to;

calculate a time-varying difference signal comprising a difference between the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal;

identify a frequency component of the time-varying difference signal;

compare the frequency component of the time varying difference signal to a frequency of the mask features; and

determine homogeneous or inhomogeneous color distribution of the object based on the comparison.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one of:

a first optical filter arranged in a path of the emanating light and between the object and the first detector, the first optical filter configured to substantially transmit the first wavelength range to the first detector and to substantially block wavelengths other than the first wavelength range from reaching the first detector; and

a second optical filter arranged in a path of the emanating light and between the object and the second detector, the second optical filter configured to substantially transmit the second wavelength range to the second detector and to substantially block wavelengths other than the second wavelength range from reaching the second detector.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the first portion of light comprises light fluorescing from the object; and

the second portion of light comprises light scattered by the object.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the analyzer is further configured to determine a symmetric spatial distribution of color of the object, an asymmetric spatial distribution of color of the object, a separated spatial distribution of color of the object, and a granular spatial distribution of color of the object.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate at least one of:

a depth of a first color region of the object in the flow path based on the first electrical signal; and

a depth of a second color region of the object in the flow path based on the second electrical signal.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate the time-varying difference signal by performing a point by point subtraction of the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate at least one of:

a size of a first color region of the object along a direction perpendicular to the flow path based on the first electrical signal; and

a size of a second color region of the object along a direction perpendicular to the flow direction based on the second electrical signal.

8. A system, comprising:

a spatial filter having a plurality of mask features and extending along a flow direction, light emanating from at least one object moving along the flow direction, an intensity of the emanating light being time modulated according to the mask features;

a first detector positioned to sense a first portion of the emanating light, the first portion of light having a first wavelength range, the first detector configured to generate a first time varying electrical signal in response to the first portion of light;

a second detector positioned to sense a second portion of the emanating light, the second portion of light having a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range, the second detector configured to generate a second time varying electrical signal in response to the second portion of light; and

an analyzer configured to;

develop a first derivative signal comprising a derivative of an amplitude with respect to time of the first electrical signal and a second derivative signal comprising a derivative of an amplitude with respect to time of the second electrical signal;

determine at least one peak time of the first derivative signal and at least one peak time of the second derivative signal; and

calculate a time difference between the peak time of the first derivative signal and the peak time of the second derivative signal; and

determine symmetrical color distribution or asymmetrical color distribution of the object based on the time difference.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein the analyzer is configured to determine that color regions of the object are symmetrical if the time difference is about zero.

10. The device of claim 8, wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate at least one of:

a size of a first color region of the object along a direction perpendicular to the flow path based on the first electrical signal; and

a size of a second color region of the object along a direction perpendicular to the flow direction based on the second electrical signal.

11. The device of claim 8, wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate at least one of:

a depth of a first color region of the object in the flow path based on the first electrical signal;

a depth of a second color region of the object in the flow path based on the second electrical signal.

12. A system, comprising:

a spatial filter having a plurality of mask features and extending along a flow direction, light emanating from at least one object moving along the flow direction, an intensity of the emanating light being time modulated according to the mask features;

a first detector positioned to sense a first portion of the emanating light, the first portion of light having a first wavelength range, the first detector configured to generate a first time varying electrical signal in response to the first portion of light;

a second detector positioned to sense a second portion of the emanating light, the second portion of light having a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range, the second detector configured to generate a second time varying electrical signal in response to the second portion of light; and

an analyzer configured to;

calculate a time-varying difference signal comprising a difference between the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal;

perform a cross-correlation of the difference signal and a predicted signal of a homogeneously colored object; and

determine an amount of color inhomogeneity of the object based on the cross-correlation.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate at least one of

a size of a first color region of the object along a direction perpendicular to the flow path based on the first electrical signal;

and

a size of a second color region of the object along a direction perpendicular to the flow direction based on the second electrical signal.

14. The device of claim 12, wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate at least one of:

a depth of a first color region of the object in the flow path based on the first electrical signal;

a depth of a second color region of the object in the flow path based on the second electrical signal.

15. A device, comprising:

a spatial filter having a plurality of mask features and extending along a flow direction, the mask features including first features having a first optical transmission characteristic and second features having a second optical transmission characteristic, light in a first wavelength range emanating from a first color region moving along the flow direction and light in a second wavelength range emanating from a second color region moving along the flow direction, an intensity of the emanating light being modulated according to the first mask features and the second mask features;

a detector positioned to sense the light emanating from the first and second color regions and to generate a first time-varying electrical output signal in response to the sensed light emanating from the first color region and to generate a second time-varying electrical output signal in response to light emanating from the second color region; and

an analyzer configured to;

develop a first derivative signal comprising a derivative with respect to time of an amplitude of the first time-varying signal and develop a second derivative signal comprising a derivative with respect to time of an amplitude of the second time-varying signal;

identify at least one peak of the first derivative signal and at least one peak of the second derivative signal;

calculate a time difference between a time of the peak of the first derivative signal and a time of the peak of the second derivative signal; and

determine a spatial separation of the first and second color regions based on the time difference.

16. The device of claim 15, wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate at least one of

a size of the first color region of the object along a direction perpendicular to the flow path based on the first electrical signal;

and

a size of the second color region of the object along a direction perpendicular to the flow direction based on the second electrical signal.

17. The device of claim 15, wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate at least one of:

a depth of a first color region of the object in the flow path based on the first electrical signal;

a depth of a second color region of the object in the flow path based on the second electrical signal.

18. A system, comprising:

a spatial filter having a plurality of mask features and extending along a flow direction, light emanating from at least one object moving along the flow direction, an intensity of the emanating light being time modulated according to the mask features;

a first detector positioned to sense a first portion of the emanating light, the first portion of light having a first wavelength range, the first detector configured to generate a first time varying electrical signal in response to the first portion of light;

a second detector positioned to sense a second portion of the emanating light, the second portion of light having a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range, the second detector configured to generate a second time varying electrical signal in response to the second portion of light; and

an analyzer configured to;

develop a first derivative signal comprising a derivative of an amplitude of the first electrical signal with respect to time and a second derivative signal comprising a derivative of an amplitude of the second electrical signal with respect to time;

count a number of local peaks of the first derivative signal that overlap a peak of the second derivative signal; and

determine that multiple color regions of the first wavelength range occur within a color region of the second wavelength range if the number of local peaks is greater than one.

19. The device of claim 18, wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate at least one of:

a size of at least one color region of the object along a direction perpendicular to the flow path; and

a depth of at least one color region of the object in the flow path along a direction perpendicular to the flow path.