Self-organizing thermodynamic system

• US 10,455,735 B2
• Filed: 03/03/2016
• Issued: 10/22/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 03/03/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: WUXI Kalannipu Thermal Management Technology Company Limited
• Original Assignee: Coolanyp LLC
• Inventors: Cheng, Peng
• Primary Examiner(s): Malik, Raheena R
• Application Number:
  US15/060,426
• Publication Number:
  US 20170257982A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,328 Days
• Field of Search: 165272, 16510426
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/0266 with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers F28D15/043 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/20 Cooling means
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/427 Cooling by change of state, e.g. use of heat pipes by liquefied gas H01L23/445
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 7/20327 Accessories for moving fluid, for connecting fluid conduits, for distributing fluid or for preventing leakage, e.g. pumps, tanks or manifolds
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 7/20336 Heat pipes, e.g. wicks or capillary pumps
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 7/20381 Thermal management, e.g. evaporation control

Abstract

Disclosed are thermal management for electronic devices and, more particularly, to a thermodynamic system with bi-phase fluid circuits which self-organize internal fluid movement to transfer heat from heat absorption zones to heat dissipation zones. A thermodynamic system may include a plurality of thermal energy absorption (TEA) nodes disposed adjacent to one or more heat sources which are interconnected with one another and also a plurality of thermal energy dissipation (TED) nodes through a capillary system that encloses a bi-phase fluid. As TE is absorbed into the bi-phase fluid at individual TEA nodes local condition changes such as, for example, pressure and/or volume increases induce convection of the absorbed TE away from the individual TEA nodes. As TE dissipates from the bi-phase fluid at individual TED nodes local condition changes such as, for example, pressure and/or volume decreases further induce convection of additional absorbed TE toward the individual TED nodes.

Claims

1. A thermodynamic system comprising:

a first plurality of thermal energy absorption (TEA) nodes, individual TEA nodes of the first plurality of TEA nodes enclosing a bi-phase fluid, the first plurality of TEA nodes being included within a first TEA zone that is disposed adjacent to a first thermal energy (TE) source;

a second plurality of TEA nodes, individual TEA nodes of the second plurality of TEA nodes enclosing the bi-phase fluid, the second plurality of TEA nodes being included within a second TEA zone that is disposed adjacent to a second TE source, wherein the second TE source generates TE at least partially independently of the first TE source;

a first plurality of thermal energy dissipation (TED) nodes, individual TED nodes of the first plurality of TED nodes enclosing the bi-phase fluid, the first plurality of TED nodes being included within a first thermal energy dissipation (TED) zone; and

a plurality of capillaries interconnecting, to form a closed fluid circuit, the first plurality of TEA nodes to both of the second plurality of TEA nodes and the first plurality of TED nodes.

2. The thermodynamic system of claim 1, further comprising a wick structure embedded within at least a first capillary of the plurality of capillaries that draws, by a capillary force at an interface between a liquid fraction of the bi-phase fluid and a vapor fraction of the bi-phase fluid, the liquid fraction from a first TED node to a TEA node at which the liquid fraction becomes vaporized into the vapor fraction, wherein the capillary force at the interface forces the vapor fraction toward a second TED node through at least a second capillary.

3. The thermodynamic system of claim 1, further comprising a wick structure embedded within a first portion of at least a first capillary of the plurality of capillaries, wherein the first capillary further includes a second portion that is void of the wick structure, and wherein each of the first portion and the second portion extend from a TEA node to a TED node.

4. The thermodynamic system of claim 1, wherein a first TEA node that is adjacent to the first TE source is indirectly connected to a second TEA node that is adjacent to the second TE source via a fluid path comprising:

a first capillary of the plurality of capillaries that directly connects the first TEA node to a first TED node; and

a second capillary of the plurality of capillaries that directly connects the first TED node to the second TEA node.

5. The thermodynamic system of claim 1, wherein the first TE source is a first computing component of a computing system and the second TE source is a second computing component of the computing system.

6. The thermodynamic system of claim 1, wherein a first subset of the plurality of capillaries are embedded within a first layer of a housing and a second subset of the plurality of capillaries are embedded within a second layer of the housing.

7. The thermodynamic system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of capillaries comprise:

a first capillary that connects a first TED node to a first TEA node, the first capillary having a first profile length; and

a second capillary that connects the first TEA node to a second TED node that is further connected to a second TEA node, the second capillary having a second profile length that is greater than the first characteristic profile length such that a flow of the bi-phase fluid is biased from the first TED node toward the second TED node.

8. The thermodynamic system of claim 1, wherein each TEA node is interconnected with each other TEA node and each TED node such that no fraction of the bi-phase fluid is isolated from any other fraction of the bi-phase fluid.

9. The thermodynamic system of claim 1, further comprising a pump that is operable to perfuse a fraction of the bi-phase fluid from a first TED node, at the first TED zone, to a second TED node, at a second TED zone that includes a second plurality of TED nodes, through a first TEA node at the first TEA zone.

10. The thermodynamic system of claim 9, further comprising:

a pressure sensor that is operable to indicate an internal pressure corresponding to the bi-phase fluid within the closed fluid circuit, the internal pressure being at least partially dependent on a temperature of a vapor-fraction of the bi-phase fluid; and

logical instructions maintained in a memory and configured, upon execution by a processor, to cause the pump to operate, based on the internal pressure reaching or exceeding a first predetermined threshold, until the internal pressure falls below a second predetermined threshold that is less than the first predetermined threshold.

11. The thermodynamic system of claim 1, wherein at least one TEA node enclosing the bi-phase fluid is partially filled with a wick structure that draws, by a capillary force at an interface between a liquid fraction of the bi-phase fluid and a vapor fraction of the bi-phase fluid, the liquid fraction into the at least one TEA node while allowing the vapor fraction to escape through one or more of the plurality of capillaries.

12. The thermodynamic system of claim 1, wherein:

the first plurality of TEA nodes are housed in a first TEA sink;

the second plurality of TEA nodes are housed in a second TEA sink that is non-contiguous to the first TEA sink;

the first plurality of TED nodes are housed in at least one TED sink; and

the plurality of capillaries are a plurality of capillary tubes interconnecting, to form the closed fluid circuit, the first plurality of TEA nodes to both of the second plurality of TEA nodes and the first plurality of TED nodes.

13. The thermodynamic system of claim 12, wherein at least one capillary tube of the plurality of capillary tubes includes a wick structure that draws one or more liquid fractions of the bi-phase fluid toward at least one TEA node of the first plurality of TEA nodes, or the second plurality of TEA nodes, or both.

14. The thermodynamic system of claim 13, wherein a first TEA node of the first plurality of TEA nodes are interconnected to at least a first capillary tube of the plurality of capillary tubes that includes the wick structure and at least a second capillary tube of the plurality of capillary tubes that is void of the wick structure.

15. The thermodynamic system of claim 12, wherein at least one capillary tube of the plurality of capillary tubes is at least partially flexible such that the at least one TED sink is at least partially movable with respect to at least one of the first TEA sink or the second TEA sink.

16. The thermodynamic system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the first TEA sink, the second TEA sink, or the at least one TED sink includes a plurality of TE conductive protrusions.

17. The thermodynamic system of claim 1, wherein:

at least one of the first plurality of TEA nodes or the second plurality of TEA nodes includes at least a first TEA node, a second TEA node, and a third TEA node;

the first plurality of TED nodes includes at least a first TED node, second TED node, and a third TED node; and

the plurality of capillaries directly connects at least the first TEA node to at least the first TED node, the second TED node, and the third TED node.

18. The thermodynamic system of claim 17, wherein the plurality of capillaries further directly connect at least the second TED node to at least the second TEA node and the third TEA node.

19. The thermodynamic system of claim 17, wherein at least a first capillary of the plurality of capillaries is tapered toward at least the first TEA node to induce a first liquid fraction of the bi-phase fluid to flow toward at least the first TEA node.

20. The thermodynamic system of claim 17, wherein at least a second capillary of the plurality of capillaries is tapered toward at least the first TED node to induce a second liquid fraction of the bi-phase fluid to flow toward at least the first TED node.