Rotary internal combustion engine with pilot subchamber and ignition element

• US 10,458,325 B2
• Filed: 03/20/2018
• Issued: 10/29/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 06/05/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Pratt & Whitney Canada Corporation (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Original Assignee: Pratt & Whitney Canada Corporation (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Inventors: Gaul, Michael, Julien, Andre, Villeneuve, Bruno
• Primary Examiner(s): Newton, J. Todd
• Application Number:
  US15/926,568
• Publication Number:
  US 20180209332A1
• Time in Patent Office: 588 Days
• Field of Search: 123207, 123200, 123205, 123208, 123209, 123210, 123212, 123214, 123218, 123231, 123243, 123273, 123275, 123284, 123445, 60 396, 60 3662, 60 3963, 60 3964
• CPC Class Codes: F01C 1/22 of internal-axis type with equidirectional movement of co-operating members at the points of engagement, or with one of the co-operating members being stationary, the inner member having more teeth or tooth- equivalents than the outer member
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 19/108 with fuel injection at least into pre-combustion chamber, i.e. injector mounted directly in the pre-combustion chamber
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 19/12 with positive ignition engines with non-timed positive ignition, and with incandescent chambers F02B9/08
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 2053/005 Wankel engines
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 53/02 Methods of operating
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 53/10 Fuel supply; Introducing fuel to combustion space
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 53/12 Ignition
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 55/08 Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings
• CPC Class Codes: F02B 55/14 Shapes or constructions of combustion chambers
• CPC Class Codes: F02M 53/02 with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising
• CPC Class Codes: F02P 19/02 electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/12 Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

A rotary engine includes an insert having a pilot subchamber defined therein and communicating with the internal cavity of the engine. A pilot fuel injector has a tip in communication with the pilot subchamber. An ignition element extends into an element cavity defined through the insert adjacent the pilot subchamber. The element cavity is in communication with the pilot subchamber through a communication opening defined in the insert between the element cavity and the pilot subchamber. The communication opening is smaller than a portion of the ignition element adjacent the communication opening such as to prevent the portion of the ignition element from completely passing through the communication opening upon breaking off of the portion of the ignition element from a remainder of the ignition element. An outer body for a rotary engine and a method of combusting fuel in a rotary engine are also provided.

Claims

1. A rotary engine comprising:

an outer body having walls defining an internal cavity;

a rotor rotatable within the internal cavity in sealing engagement with the walls of the outer body;

an insert having a pilot subchamber defined therein, the pilot subchamber communicating with the internal cavity;

a pilot fuel injector having a tip in communication with the pilot subchamber; and

an ignition element extending into an element cavity defined through the insert adjacent the pilot subchamber, the element cavity in communication with the pilot subchamber through a communication opening defined in the insert between the element cavity and the pilot subchamber, the communication opening being smaller than a portion of the ignition element adjacent the communication opening such as to prevent the portion of the ignition element from completely passing through the communication opening upon breaking off of the portion of the ignition element from a remainder of the ignition element.

2. The engine as defined in claim 1, wherein the portion of the ignition element includes a tip thereof partly received through the communication opening.

3. The engine as defined in claim 1, wherein the portion of the ignition element is cylindrical and a circumferential part thereof extends within the pilot subchamber through the communication opening.

4. The engine as defined in claim 1, wherein the insert is made of a material having one or both of greater high temperature properties and lower thermal conductivity than that of the walls of the outer body.

5. The engine as defined in claim 1, wherein the ignition element is a heating element and the portion of the ignition element is heatable.

6. The engine as defined in claim 1, wherein the pilot subchamber has a shape forming a reduced cross-section adjacent the communication with the internal cavity.

7. The rotary engine as defined in claim 1, wherein the ignition element is elongated and extends within the element cavity without protruding into the pilot subchamber.

8. The rotary engine as defined in claim 1, wherein the rotor defines three apex portions and is engaged to an eccentric portion of a shaft to rotate and perform orbital revolutions within the internal cavity, the internal cavity having an epichotroid shape defining two lobes.

9. An outer body for a rotary engine comprising:

interconnected walls cooperating to define an internal cavity for receiving a rotor;

an insert having a subchamber defined therein in communication with the internal cavity, the insert configured to define a fluid communication between a tip of a pilot fuel injector and the subchamber; and

an ignition element received in the insert, the ignition element in communication with the subchamber through an opening smaller than corresponding dimensions of a portion of the ignition element extending in the insert adjacent the opening sized such as to prevent a portion of the ignition element adjacent the opening from completely passing through the opening upon breaking off of the portion of the ignition element from a remainder of the ignition element.

10. The outer body as defined in claim 9, wherein the portion of the ignition element includes a tip thereof partly received through the opening.

11. The outer body as defined in claim 9, wherein the portion of the ignition element is cylindrical and a circumferential part thereof extends within the subchamber through the communication opening.

12. The outer body as defined in claim 9, wherein the insert is made of a material having one or both of greater high temperature properties and lower thermal conductivity than that of the interconnected walls.

13. The outer body as defined in claim 9, wherein the ignition element is a heating element and the portion of the ignition element is heatable.

14. The outer body as defined in claim 9, wherein the subchamber has a shape forming a reduced cross-section adjacent the communication thereof with the internal cavity.

15. The outer body as defined in claim 9, wherein the element is elongated and extends within the insert without protruding into the subchamber.