Secondary battery, battery pack, and vehicle

• US 10,461,370 B2
• Filed: 02/28/2017
• Issued: 10/29/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 09/16/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Inventors: Hotta, Yasuyuki, Matsuno, Shinsuke, Takami, Norio
• Primary Examiner(s): Rhee, Jane J
• Application Number:
  US15/444,945
• Publication Number:
  US 20180083321A1
• Time in Patent Office: 973 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/36 Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4235 Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte H01M10/4242 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0002 Aqueous electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/485 of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/525 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5825 Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/211 adapted for pouch cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/296 characterised by terminals of battery packs terminals of batteries H01M50/543
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

According to one embodiment, a secondary battery is provided. The secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte contains a water-containing solvent and a nitrogen atom-containing organic sulfur compound. The concentration of the nitrogen atom-containing organic sulfur compound in the electrolyte is within a range of from 0.001 mM to 20 mM.

Claims

1. A secondary battery, comprising:

a positive electrode;

a negative electrode; and

an electrolyte,

wherein;

the electrolyte comprises a water-containing solvent, an electrolyte salt, and a nitrogen atom-containing organic sulfur compound;

the electrolyte is situated between and around the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and

a concentration of the nitrogen atom-containing organic sulfur compound in the electrolyte is within a range of from 0.001 mM to 20 mM.

2. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen atom-containing organic sulfur compound comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a sulfide compound, a disulfide compound, a thiol compound, a sulfenic acid compound, a sulfinic acid compound, a thiocarbonyl compound, a sulfimide compound, a sulfoxide compound, a sulfone compound, and a sulfonic acid compound.

3. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen atom-containing organic sulfur compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of saccharin sodium salt, thiourea, 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride, 2-amino alkyl sulfone hydrochloride, derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole sulfonate, cystine, aminoacetonitrile sulfate, and 1,3-diisothiocyanate propane.

4. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte salt comprises a lithium salt and a concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte is within a range of from 3 M to 10 M.

5. The secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein the lithium salt is lithium chloride.

6. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode has a specific surface area of from 3 m²/g to 50 m²/g.

7. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide, a niobium titanium oxide, a sodium niobium titanium oxide and a lithium titanium oxide as a negative electrode active material.

8. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a lithium cobalt composite oxide, a lithium manganese composite oxide, and a lithium phosphate compound having an olivine structure as a positive electrode active material.

9. A battery pack, comprising the secondary battery according to claim 1.

10. The battery pack according to claim 9, further comprising:

an external power distribution terminal; and

a protective circuit.

11. The battery pack according to claim 9, comprising a plural of the secondary batteries, wherein the secondary batteries are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in a combination of in series and in parallel.

12. A vehicle, comprising the battery pack according to claim 9.

13. The vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the battery pack is configured to recover a regenerative energy caused by power of the vehicle.

14. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the water-containing solvent comprises 50% by volume or more of water.

15. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein:

the water-containing solvent comprises 50% by volume or more of water;

the nitrogen atom-containing organic sulfur compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of saccharin sodium salt, thiourea, 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride, 2-amino alkyl sulfone hydrochloride, derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole sulfonate, cystine, aminoacetonitrile sulfate, and 1,3-diisothiocyanate propane;

the positive electrode comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a lithium cobalt composite oxide, a lithium manganese composite oxide, and a lithium phosphate compound having an olivine structure as a positive electrode active material; and

the negative electrode comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide, a lithium titanium oxide, a niobium titanium oxide and a sodium niobium titanium oxide as a negative electrode active material.

16. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen atom-containing organic sulfur compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of saccharin sodium salt, 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride, 2-amino alkyl sulfone hydrochloride, derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole sulfonate, cystine, aminoacetonitrile sulfate, and 1,3-diisothiocyanate propane.