Method for determining the instantaneous polarization of propagating electromagnetic waves

• US 10,468,782 B1
• Filed: 04/16/2019
• Issued: 11/05/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 04/16/2019
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Government of the United States of America
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: Steinbrecher, Donald H
• Primary Examiner(s): Mancuso, Huedung X
• Application Number:
  US16/384,971
• Time in Patent Office: 203 Days
• Field of Search: 343703
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 29/0892 Details related to signal analysis or treatment; presenting results, e.g. displays; measuring specific signal features other than field strength, e.g. polarisation, field modes, phase, envelope, maximum value
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/32 derived from different combinations of signals from separate antennas, e.g. comparing sum with difference
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/48 the waves arriving at the antennas being continuous or intermittent and the phase difference of signals derived therefrom being measured
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/74 Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single antenna system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals systems in which the directions of different signals are determined sequentially and displayed simultaneously G01S3/04, G01S3/14
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 17/00 Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 17/002 using short elongated elements as dissipative material, e.g. metallic threads or flake-like particles
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/061 Two dimensional planar arrays
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 23/00 Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them

Abstract

A method is provided for determining instantaneous polarization of multiple electromagnetic transmissions. A segmented aperture system determines a direction of arrival of a transmission based on port coordinates and the geometric relationship of the segments. The ports receive at least two orthogonal polarizations that characterize the incoming signals. Two angles are calculated by a simultaneous solution of two phase difference measurements to determine the direction of arrival. A mean direction of arrival solution is obtained by averaging solution estimates that are obtained by repeating the direction of arrival determination.

Claims

1. A method for resolving an instantaneous polarization of a plurality of electromagnetic signals, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a segmented X-Y plane populated with at least eight linearly polarized radio frequency ports such that polarization of four of the radio frequency ports is aligned with an X coordinate of the plane and polarization of four of the radio frequency ports is aligned with a Y coordinate of the plane;

identifying each of the radio frequency ports as being an X-pol radio frequency port depending on whether a linear polarization is aligned with the X coordinate of the segmented X-Y plane;

identifying each of the radio frequency ports as being an Y-pol radio frequency port depending on whether a linear polarization is aligned with the Y coordinate of the segmented X-Y plane;

receiving a first radio frequency signal at a plurality of radio frequency ports of the segmented X-Y plane;

receiving a first X polarized radio frequency signal component at a plurality of the X-pol radio frequency ports;

determining a direction of arrival of the first X polarized radio frequency signal component;

receiving a first Y polarized radio frequency component at a plurality of Y-pol radio frequency ports;

determining a direction of arrival of the first Y polarized radio frequency signal component;

verifying that the direction of arrival of the first Y polarized radio frequency signal component matches the direction of arrival the first Y polarized radio frequency component;

verifying subsequent to said verifying the direction of arrival step that the first Y polarized radio frequency component and the first Y polarized radio frequency component originate from a same source such vectors of each can be combined to determine a polarization vector of a first radio frequency source;

identifying the first pair of radio frequency ports;

receiving a second signal with a second pair of the radio frequency ports;

identifying the second pair of radio frequency ports;

providing rectangular coordinates of positions of radio frequency port phase centers of the plane of segmented apertures such that X coordinates are aligned with a horizontal direction and Y coordinates are aligned with a vertical direction wherein the first pair of radio frequency ports and the second pair of radio frequency ports relate to the radio frequency port phase centers and are uniformly spaced on the X coordinates and the Y coordinates of the plane; and

identifying a radio signal arrival direction from the first pair of radio frequency ports and the second polarization from the second pair of radio frequency ports as specified by angles, theta θ and

phi φ

wherein the angle theta is measured clockwise from a negative X axis of the plane and the angle phi is a measure of elevation from the X-Y plane;

wherein said method is capable of independently resolving the direction-of-arrival of each orthogonal vector component of each signal of interest in a cohort of signals captured by the partitioned aperture.

2. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said method further comprises the step of pairing orthogonal polarization vector components by direction of arrival such that at least orthogonal vector components will have a same direction of arrival.

3. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said method further comprises the step of processing at least two orthogonal polarization vector components that are captured by the partitioned aperture and originate from the same direction of arrival in order to resolve the instantaneous polarization of a composite signal of interest with vector components having the same direction of arrival.

4. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the signal processing system is capable of processing at least two orthogonal polarization vector components that are captured by the partitioned aperture and originate from the same direction of arrival in order to resolve the instantaneous polarization of the composite signal of interest with vector components having the same direction of arrival;

wherein said method is capable of independently resolving the direction-of-arrival of each orthogonal vector component of each signal of interest in the cohort of signals captured by the partitioned aperture.