Methods and apparatus for enhanced radiation characteristics from antennas and related components

• US 10,483,649 B2
• Filed: 05/07/2019
• Issued: 11/19/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 04/15/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fractal Antenna Systems Inc.
• Original Assignee: Fractal Antenna Systems Inc.
• Inventors: Cohen, Nathan
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Graham P
• Application Number:
  US16/405,340
• Publication Number:
  US 20190260133A1
• Time in Patent Office: 196 Days
• Field of Search: 343899
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/042 PV modules or arrays of single PV cells supporting structures for PV modules H02S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/288 Satellite antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/36 Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewithH01Q1/08, H01Q1/14 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/44 using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna , e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspectH01Q1/27 - H01Q1/34 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 15/0013 said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 15/0026 said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 15/0093 having a fractal shape
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 19/00 Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic combination of horns with slotted waveguide array H01Q13/0233
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 19/08 for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located corrugated horns H01Q13/0208; producing a circular polarisation H01Q13/0241
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/446 the radiating element being at the centre of one or more rings of auxiliary elements
• CPC Class Codes: H02S 99/00 Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/50 Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Abstract

Aspect of the present disclosure are directed to methods and apparatus producing enhanced radiation characteristics, e.g., wideband behavior, in or for antennas and related components by providing concentric sleeves, with air or dielectric material as a spacer, where the sleeves include one or more conductive layers, at least a portion of which includes fractal resonators closely spaced, in terms of wavelength. A further aspect of the present disclosure is directed to surfaces that include dual-use or multiple-use apertures. Such aperture engine surfaces can include a first layer of antenna arrays, a second layer including a metal-fractal backplane player, and a third layer including solar cells for solar cell or solar oriented power collection. Fractal metamaterial ribbons with multiple closely-packed fractal resonators are also disclosed.

Claims

1. An aperture engine array comprising:

one or more aperture engine panels, wherein each aperture engine panel includes

an antenna layer configured to receive and/or transmit radiofrequency energy (RF) over a range of frequencies, wherein the antenna layer is substantially lacunar so as to allow incident radiation to pass through to an adjacent layer;

a solar cell layer including a panel of solar cells configured to absorb incident radiation and provide power, wherein the solar cell layer is operative as a power source for the transmission and/or reception of RF energy; and

a backplane layer, at least a portion of which contains a surface reflective to RF energy.

2. The aperture engine array of claim 1, wherein the array is configured for radio astronomy.

3. The aperture engine array according of claim 2, wherein the array is configured as a very-long-baseline interferometry (VBLI) array, a SETI array, or a ULW array.

4. The aperture engine array according of claim 1, wherein the array is implemented on a vehicle.

5. The aperture engine array according of claim 1, wherein the array is implemented on a satellite.

6. The aperture engine array according of claim 1, wherein the array is implemented on a vessel.

7. The aperture engine array of claim 1, wherein the array is ground-based.

8. The aperture engine array of claim 1, wherein the antenna layer includes transparent elements.

9. The aperture engine array of claim 1, where the one or more aperture engine panels comprises a single aperture engine panel.

10. The aperture engine array of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver configured to receive power from the solar cell layer.

11. The aperture engine array of claim 10, where the multiple layers are configured to provide power storage for power produced by the solar cell layer.

12. The aperture engine array of claim 10, further comprising a data acquisition and processing unit configured to receive power from the solar cell layer.

13. The aperture engine of claim 1, wherein the antenna layer comprises an array of antennas disposed on a dielectric substrate.

14. The aperture engine array of claim 13, wherein the antenna layer has a degree of lacunarity of about 30%.

15. The aperture engine array of claim 13, wherein the antenna layer has a degree of lacunarity of about 40%.

16. The aperture engine array of claim 13, wherein the antenna layer has a degree of lacunarity of about 50%.

17. The aperture engine array of claim 13, wherein the antenna layer has a degree of lacunarity of about 60%.

18. The aperture engine array of claim 13, wherein the antenna layer has a degree of lacunarity of about 70%.

19. The aperture engine array of claim 13, wherein the array of antenna elements is lacunar, wherein the dielectric substrate is not lacunar.

20. The aperture engine array of claim 13, wherein the dielectric substrate is lacunar.

21. The aperture engine of claim 17, wherein the antennas include fractal resonators.