Variable frequency modulation scheme based on current-sensing techniques for switched-capacitor DC-DC converters

• US 10,483,837 B1
• Filed: 05/14/2018
• Issued: 11/19/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 05/14/2018
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Renesas Electronics America Inc.(f/k/a Integrated Device Technology, Inc) (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Renesas Electronics America Inc.(f/k/a Integrated Device Technology, Inc) (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Inventors: Chen, Yen-Mo
• Primary Examiner(s): Gblende, Jeffrey A
• Application Number:
  US15/979,359
• Publication Number:
  US 20190348901A1
• Time in Patent Office: 554 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0032 Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0048 Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses using snubbers H02M1/34
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/088 for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/07 using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode , e.g. charge pumps
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/4837 Flying capacitor converters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

The present embodiments are directed to an improved switched capacitor (SC) converter topology that does not include an inductor. In particular, the topology includes a ladder SC circuit configured as a cap divider, with a gate driving signal being generated to initiate the charging and discharging of the capacitor. In this specific topology, an unregulated output voltage is produced that is a certain fraction of an input voltage of a power source such as a battery. The present embodiments further include a variable frequency modulation (VFM) scheme based on the current-sensing techniques for the gate driving signal generation of the switched capacitor converter.

Claims

1. An apparatus for converting an input voltage at an input to an output voltage at an output, the apparatus comprising:

a capacitor, wherein the capacitor is configured such that a charging and discharging of the capacitor transfers energy from the input to the output;

switches configured to control the charging and discharging of the capacitor;

a controller that controls a switching frequency of the switches based on a current associated with the transfer of energy from the input to the output; and

a lookup table coupled to the controller, wherein the controller is configured to set the switching frequency based on the current using one or more entries in the lookup table,

wherein the lookup table stores a plurality of different switching frequency values for a same given current value, and wherein the controller is configured to select a certain at least one of the plurality of different switching frequency values based on the current, and wherein the plurality of different switching frequency values for the same given current value correspond to a plurality of different performance metric values associated with the transfer of energy from the input to the output.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a current sense resistor coupled to the controller that is configured to sense the current.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a SENSEFET coupled to the controller that is configured to sense the current.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller includes a voltage controlled oscillator that is configured to control the switching frequency in accordance with a voltage based on the current.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switches comprise FETs, and wherein the controller is coupled to provide gate driving signals to the gates of the FETs, the gate driving signals having the switching frequency.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the gate driving signals further have a duty cycle that is at least partially dependent on a ratio between the input voltage and the output voltage.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the capacitor is configured to transfer energy from the input to the output without use of an inductor.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switches and the capacitor are configured in a ladder topology.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a decoupling capacitor for use in charging the capacitor with the input voltage.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an output capacitor for use in storing the output voltage as a result of the discharging of the capacitor.

17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the performance metric values comprise different efficiency values.

18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the performance metric values comprise different ripple values.

11. A method for converting an input voltage at an input to an output voltage at an output, the method comprising:

charging and discharging a capacitor so as to transfer energy from the input to the output;

operating switches to control the charging and discharging of the capacitor;

controlling, by a controller, a switching frequency of the switches based on a current associated with the transfer of energy from the input to the output; and

setting, by the controller, the switching frequency based on the current using one or more entries in a lookup table,

wherein the lookup table stores a plurality of different switching frequency values for a same given current value, the method further comprising selecting a certain at least one of the plurality of different switching frequency values based on the current, and wherein the plurality of different switching frequency values for the same given current value correspond to a plurality of different performance metric values associated with the transfer of energy from the input to the output.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising sensing the current using a current sense resistor coupled to the controller.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising sensing the current using a SENSEFET coupled to the controller.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the controller includes a voltage controlled oscillator, wherein controlling the switching frequency is performed in accordance with a voltage based on the current.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the switches comprise FETs, the method further comprising providing, by the controller, gate driving signals to the gates of the FETs, the gate driving signals having the switching frequency.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the gate driving signals further have a duty cycle that is at least partially dependent on a ratio between the input voltage and the output voltage.

19. The method of claim 11, wherein the performance metric values comprise different efficiency values.

20. The method of claim 11, wherein the performance metric values comprise different ripple values.