Medium-access control schemes for ultrasonic communications in the body based on second order statistics

• US 10,506,927 B2
• Filed: 09/30/2014
• Issued: 12/17/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: The Research Foundation for The State University of New York (State University of New York)
• Original Assignee: The Research Foundation for The State University of New York (State University of New York)
• Inventors: Melodia, Tommaso, Guan, Zhangyu, Santagati, Giuseppe Enrico
• Primary Examiner(s): Alsomiri, Isam A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ndure, Amie M
• Application Number:
  US15/025,627
• Publication Number:
  US 20160235302A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,904 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0015 characterised by features of the telemetry system
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0024 for multiple sensor units attached to the patient, e.g. using a body or personal area network
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0028 Body tissue as transmission medium, i.e. transmission systems where the medium is the human body
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0031 Implanted circuitry
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7203 for noise prevention, reduction or removal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7225 Details of analog processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation A61B5/30, A61B5/316 take precedence; transformers for specific applications H01F38/00; amplifiers H03F
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14244 adapted to be carried by the patient, e.g. portable on the body
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 11/00 Transmission systems employing sonic, ultrasonic or infrasonic waves
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/15 Performance testing

Abstract

Methods for ultrasonic communications through biological tissue using ultrasonic pulses are disclosed. For example, methods for calculating a forward data generation rate and a forward transmission probability profile for ultrasonic communications through biological material are disclosed. The method may comprise measuring sets interference values corresponding to instants on a communication channel. First and second order moments may be calculated for each instant based on the measured interference values. An outage probability may be calculated for each set and the forward data generation rate and forward transmission probability profile may be calculated based on the outage probability value and other parameters and a threshold transmission rate, a transmission delay threshold, and a residual transmission error rate.

Claims

1. A method for calculating a forward data generation rate and a forward transmission probability profile for communication through biological tissue using ultrasonic pulses, the method comprising:

measuring, with a receiver, sets of interference values between the receiver and a transmitter, each set of interference values corresponding to one or more instants in a time slot on a communication channel;

calculating a first order moment and a second order moment for each instant based on the interference values corresponding to the measured instant;

calculating an outage probability value for each set; and

calculating the forward data generation rate and the forward transmission probability profile based on the calculated outage probability value and a predetermined threshold transmission rate, a predetermined transmission delay threshold, and a predetermined residual transmission error rate.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

grouping consecutive interference values within each set of interference values, such that the temporal correlation coefficient between any two values in each group of consecutive interference values is greater than a temporal correlation threshold;

wherein the first order moment and the second order moment are calculated for each group based on the interference values corresponding to the group; and

wherein the outage probability value for each set of interference values is calculated based on the calculated first and second order moments of the groups in the set of interference values.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the temporal correlation threshold is estimated based on packet drop rate.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

sending, to a transmitter, the forward data generation rate and the forward transmission probability profile;

receiving data, from the transmitter, using the forward data generation rate and the forward transmission probability profile.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the forward data generation rate and the forward transmission probability profile are sent in a data packet comprising:

an identifier of the intended transmitter;

the forward data generation rate; and

the forward transmission probability profile.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the receiver performs an action based on the received data.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiver is a transceiver, the method further comprising transmitting data using the forward data generation rate and the forward transmission probability profile.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of:

setting a random data generation rate and transmission probability profile for each time slot and communication channel; and

transmitting data at the randomly set data generation rate and transmission probability profile;

wherein the setting and transmitting steps occur prior to the measuring steps.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising recording the sets of interference values in a memory of the receiver.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of the method are performed using a processor of the receiver.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the interference values are measured at uniformly spaced instants.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the interference values are a measurement of power.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the consecutive interference values are grouped to contain the maximum number of instants.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the forward data generation rate and the forward transmission probability profiles are calculated using log-convex optimization.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein noise is a component of the interference values.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the outage probability value is calculated based on the calculated first and second order moments of each measured instant.