Rotating multi-monolith bed movement system for removing CO2 from the atmosphere

• US 10,512,880 B2
• Filed: 02/17/2018
• Issued: 12/24/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 04/30/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Global Thermostat Operations LLC
• Original Assignee: Graciela Chichilnisky
• Inventors: Eisenberger, Peter
• Primary Examiner(s): Jones, Christopher P
• Application Number:
  US15/898,531
• Publication Number:
  US 20180169568A1
• Time in Patent Office: 675 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2252/204 Amines
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/104 Alumina
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/106 Silica or silicates
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/202 Polymeric adsorbents
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/25 Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/342 Monoliths
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4009 using hot gas
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4067 using ten beds
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/65 Employing advanced heat integration, e.g. Pinch technology
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/06 with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds B01D53/025 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/08 according to the "moving bed" method
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/3204 Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/327 Polymers obtained by reactions involving only carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 of CO2

Abstract

A system for removing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide laden gas mixture, the system comprising two groups of carbon dioxide removal structures, each removal structure within each group comprising a porous solid mass substrate supported on the structure; and a sorbent that is capable of adsorbing or binding to carbon dioxide, to remove carbon dioxide from a gas mixture, the sorbent being supported upon the surfaces of the porous mass substrate solid; an endless loop support for each of the groups of the removal structures, the endless loop support being so arranged as to move the support structures of each group along a closed curve while being exposed to a stream of the gas mixture; and a sealable regeneration box at one location along each of the endless loop supports, in which, when a porous solid mass substrate is sealed in place therein, carbon dioxide adsorbed upon the sorbent is stripped from the sorbent and the sorbent regenerated; each removal structural supporting a porous substrate in a position to be exposed to a flow of carbon dioxide laden gas mixture so as to allow for the removal of CO₂ from the gas mixture; the number of removal structures to the number of regeneration boxes being directly determined by the ratio of the time to adsorb CO₂, from a base level to desired level on the sorbent, to the time to strip the CO₂ from the desired level back to the base level.

Claims

1. A method for removing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide laden gas mixture, the method comprising:

providing at least two groups of removal structures and two moving endless sloops for supporting each of the two groups each of which move around a closed endless loop for each group, each removal structure within each group comprising a porous solid substrate supported on each of the removal structures, each porous substrate having a sorbent supported upon its surfaces, the sorbent being capable of adsorbing or binding to carbon dioxide;

exposing each individual carbon dioxide removal structure to a stream of the carbon dioxide laden gas mixture, during an adsorption time, to remove carbon dioxide from the gas mixture, each of the removal structures supporting the porous substrates on its respective closed endless loop being in a position such that the sorbent is exposed to a flow of carbon dioxide laden gas mixture so as to allow for the removal of CO₂ from the gas mixture;

providing a regeneration box adjacent each loop at one location;

successively sealably placing one of the carbon dioxide removal structures into a regeneration box at one location along each of the endless loop supports;

exposing the sorbent on each removal structure sealably placed within each regeneration box to process heat at a temperature of less than 130°

C. during a regeneration time to strip the CO₂ from the sorbent, such that when a removal structure is sealed in place therein carbon dioxide sorbed upon the sorbent is stripped from the sorbent and captured, and the sorbent regenerated;

the number of removal structures provided on each loop to the number of regeneration boxes provided adjacent each loop, being directly proportional to and directly determined by the ratio of the adsorption time, to the regeneration time, the adsorption time being the time to adsorb, on the sorbent, CO₂ from the gas mixture, from a base level to a desired level on the sorbent, and the regeneration time being the time to strip the CO₂ from the sorbent, in the regeneration box, from the desired level back to the base level, on the sorbent.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide laden gas mixture is selected from the group consisting of ambient air and mixtures of a majority by volume of ambient air with a minor portion by volume of a flue gas.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the two groups of carbon dioxide removal structures comprises one regeneration box and between five and ten removal structures.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising reducing the atmospheric pressure within the sealed regeneration box after a removal structure is sealed within the regeneration box.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising passing process heat steam into the regeneration box, after the atmospheric pressure in the regeneration box has been reduced, to strip off the CO₂;

and passing the stripped CO₂ from the regeneration box into a CO₂ collection chamber.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the regeneration box for each group of carbon dioxide removal structures is located at a vertically different level than the endless loop structure and further comprising vertically moving a carbon dioxide removal structure into and out of a sealable position within a regeneration box.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the two groups of carbon dioxide removal structures has an adjacent first regeneration box and the other of the two groups of carbon dioxide removal structures has an adjacent second regeneration box, the rotational movement of each of the two groups of carbon dioxide removal structures is off-set such that a carbon dioxide removal structure enters the second of the regeneration boxes after the regeneration of a carbon dioxide removal structure in the first regeneration box has started.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the process heat is added to the regeneration boxes in the form of process heat steam, and when regeneration is ended in each of the regeneration boxes there remains steam in that box, and further comprising reducing the atmospheric pressure in the other regeneration box to a preset pressure;

opening a sealed connection between the two regeneration boxes after the designated regeneration of the removal structure in the first regeneration box has been completed, so as to draw out remaining steam in the first regeneration box to preheat the second regeneration box and cool down the removal structure in the first regeneration box; and

removing the cooled removal structure from the first regeneration box back onto the endless loop, and continuing this cycle as the removal structures move around the endless loop and cyclically reenter the regeneration box.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the process heat is added to the regeneration boxes in the form of process heat steam, and the steam entering each regeneration box is at a temperature or not greater than about 120°

C.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the second regeneration box is preheated to a temperature of not greater than about 60°

C. and the first regeneration box is cooled to a temperature below that at which the sorbent would be deactivated.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the sorbent is a primary amine polymer, and the process heat is added to the regeneration boxes in the form of process heat steam, at a temperature or not greater than about 120°

C.