Device and method for constructing a layer body

• US 10,513,105 B2
• Filed: 04/14/2017
• Issued: 12/24/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 01/05/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Voxeljet AG
• Original Assignee: Voxeljet AG
• Inventors: Hartmann, Andreas Dominik, Schmid, Dominik
• Primary Examiner(s): Theisen, Mary Lynn F
• Application Number:
  US15/487,827
• Publication Number:
  US 20170217098A1
• Time in Patent Office: 984 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/00 Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder apparatus or devices therefor B22F12/00
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/14 by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/16 by embedding the binder within the powder bed
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/68 Cleaning or washing
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/47 parallel to the deposition plane
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/55 Two or more means for feeding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/153 using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/165 using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/20 Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/209 Heads; Nozzles
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/35 Cleaning
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/16 Fillers
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2509/00 Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2503/00 - B29K2507/00, as filler
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 30/00 Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for constructing a laminar body from a plurality of superimposed layers of free-flowing material, in particular particulate material, and a build platform within a working area. The layers are solidified in locally predetermined regions by the action of binders and are joined together so that at least one moulded body is formed by the solidified and joined regions of the layers. The device comprises a discharging device movable back and forth over the working area in at least one discharge direction and having at least one discharge opening from which the free-flowing material can be discharged in individual superimposed layers during the movement of the discharging device.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

the steps of

i. constructing a first article from a plurality of superimposed layers of a free-flowing material, on a build platform within a first build space, the layers being solidified and joined together in locally predetermined areas, including;

applying the free-flowing material from a discharge device in layers, and selectively joining the free-flowing material;

wherein the discharge device moves back and forth over the first build space;

wherein the build platform is stationary and the discharge device is movable with respect to the stationary build platform;

adjusting the height of the discharge device relative to the stationary build platform; and

forming one or more outer walls for defining the first build space so that loose free-flowing material within the first build space is prevented from flowing off into areas outside of the first build space;

wherein the one or more outer walls are printed walls of the free-flowing material being solidified and joined together;

 

wherein the first article is formed by the solidified and joined areas of the layers within the first build space; and

ii. following the constructing of the first article, repeating (i) for constructing a second article in a second build space, wherein the first build space and the second build space are different build spaces over the build platform.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the action of a binder solidifies and joins together the free-flowing material in the locally predetermined areas.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first article is embedded in loose free-flowing material and the method includes a step of removing the first article from the loose free-flowing material.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first article is removed with an extractor prior to step of constructing the second article.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the binder is applied by a print head.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the discharge device and the print head both move in the same direction during the step of applying the binder.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the discharge device applies the free-flowing particulate material at a time when the print head is not applying binder.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the print head applies the binder at a time when the discharge device is not applying the free-flowing material.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the free-flowing material is a powder particulate material and the build space is a variable build space for reducing waste of power particulate material.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein fusing solidifies and joins together the layers of the free-flowing material in the locally predetermined areas.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes a step of irradiating the free-flowing material to solidify and join together the layers of the free-flowing material in the locally predetermined areas.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more outer walls surround the build space.

13. A method comprising the steps of:

i. constructing at least one first article from a plurality of superimposed layers of free-flowing material, on a build platform within a first build space, the layers being solidified and joined together in locally predetermined areas by the action of a binder, including;

applying the free-flowing material from a discharge device in layers, and applying the binder from a print head;

wherein the discharge device and the print head move back and forth over the first build space;

wherein the build platform is stationary and the discharge device and the print head are movable with respect to the stationary build platform;

the discharge device applies the free-flowing material at a time when the print head is not applying binder; and

the print head applies the binder at a time when the discharge device is not applying the free-flowing material;

juxtapositioning the discharge device with an uppermost layer of the free-flowing material; and

forming an outer wall at an edge of the first build space, the outer wall defining the first build space so that loose free-flowing material within the first build space is prevented from flowing off into areas outside of the first build space;

wherein the outer wall is a printed wall of the free-flowing material being solidified and joined together by the action of the binder;

 

wherein the at least one first article is formed by the solidified and joined areas of the layers within the first build space; and

ii. following the constructing of the at least one first article, repeating (i) for constructing at least one second article in a second build space, wherein the first build space and the second build space are different build spaces over the build platform;

wherein a layer is completed in one pass of the discharge device over the build space.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the build space is variable for reducing waste of the free-flowing material.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of applying the free-flowing particulate material and the binder includes moving the print head and the discharge device together in a first direction;

and then moving the print head and the discharge device together in a second direction opposite the first direction.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the discharge device includes has an elongated shape for applying a layer of the free-flowing material in a single pass of the discharge device over the build space.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the first build space is enclosed by one or more printed walls including the outer wall, wherein the one or more printed walls enclosing the first build space are generally vertical and free of support by a solid support structure outside of the first build space.

18. A method comprising the steps of:

i. constructing at least one first article from a plurality of superimposed layers of free-flowing particulate material, on a build platform within a first build space, the layers being solidified and joined together in locally predetermined areas by the action of a radiation source, including;

applying the free-flowing particulate material from a discharge device in layers, and applying radiation from a radiation source;

wherein the discharge device and the radiation source move back and forth over the first build space;

wherein the build platform is stationary and the discharge device is movable with respect to the stationary build platform;

adjusting the height of the discharge device relative to the stationary build platform;

juxtapositioning the discharge device with an uppermost layer of the free-flowing particulate material; and

forming an outer wall at an edge of the first build space, the outer wall defining the build space so that loose free-flowing particulate material within the first build space is prevented from flowing off into areas outside of the first build space;

wherein the outer wall is a printed wall of the free-flowing particulate material being solidified and joined together by the action of the radiation source;

 

wherein the at least one first article is formed by the solidified and joined areas of the layers within the first build space; and

ii. following the constructing of the at least one first article, repeating (i) for constructing at least one second article in a second build space, wherein the first build space and the second build space are different build spaces over the build platform.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the radiation source selectively irradiates the free-flowing particulate material for fusing layers of the free-flowing particulate material.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the free-flowing particulate material includes a binder and the radiation source selectively solidifies and joins the layers by the action of the irradiation of the binder.

21. The method of claim 18, wherein the first article is embedded in the loose free-flowing particulate material and the method includes a step of extracting the first article from loose free-flowing particulate material.

22. The method of claim 18, wherein the discharge device has an elongated shape for applying a layer of the free-flowing material in a single pass of the discharge device over the build space.