Medical instrument for in vivo heat source

• US 10,515,831 B2
• Filed: 07/03/2018
• Issued: 12/24/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 05/26/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Anand Deo
• Original Assignee: Anand Deo
• Inventors: Deo, Anand
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Kaitlyn E
• Application Number:
  US16/027,139
• Publication Number:
  US 20180323090A1
• Time in Patent Office: 539 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 7/12 Devices for heating or cooling internal body cavities
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 21/324 Thermal treatment for modifying the properties of semiconductor bodies, e.g. annealing, sintering H01L21/20 - H01L21/288 and H01L21/302 - H01L21/322 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 21/67103 mainly by conduction
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 21/67248 Temperature monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 1/023 Industrial applications
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 6/50 for monitoring or control

Abstract

A biocompatible medical device can be at least partially implantable into a living human or animal subject to provide active treatment of biofilm that can occur use within the subject. The medical device can include a catheter, including an interior conduit capable of permitting fluid flow. A heating device can be located on a portion of the catheter to be located within the subject, the heating device including at least a pair of electrodes having a variable spacing therebetween, the variable spacing specified to allow heat to be generated using a time-varying electromagnetic input signal providing a variable frequency to control a variable location along the electrodes at which heat is generated, such as can provide a virtual matrix of local heat sources.

Claims

1. A medical device that is at least partially insertable or implantable into a living human or animal subject to generate heat in vivo within the subject, the medical device comprising:

an elongate body, sized and shaped to include a biocompatible distal portion that is configured to be insertable or implantable into the subject; and

a matrix of local heat sources, formed on the insertable or implantable biocompatible distal portion of the elongate body, the local heat sources selectively addressable and energizable in location individually or in groups by varying a frequency of an AC electromagnetic input signal delivered to the local heat sources from a proximal end of the elongate body, without requiring concurrent actuation of all of the local heat sources, wherein the local heat sources are selectively addressable and energizable individually or in groups in response to a specified frequency of the AC electromagnetic input signal having a variable frequency for the selectively addressing and energizing of the local heat sources and for using the same addressing and energizing AC electromagnetic input signal to also generate heat by energizing the local heat source; and

wherein ones of the local heat sources include;

an electrical conductor, connected or coupled to receive the same AC electromagnetic input signal; and

a semiconductor, a lossy dielectric, thin-film metal, or a crystalline active substrate, arranged with respect to the electrical conductor to use the same addressing and energizing AC electromagnetic input signal to generate heat in the active substrate in response to the same AC electromagnetic input signal being at the specified frequency.

2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the electrical conductor includes a pair of electrodes having a spacing therebetween, the spacing specified to allow heat to be generated using a time-varying electromagnetic input signal providing a variable frequency to control a variable location along the electrodes at which heat is generated in the active substrate.

3. The medical device of claim 1, wherein ones of the local heat sources are arranged as a planar resonator at different locations along a shared main line.

4. The medical device of claim 3, wherein the planar resonator includes at least one of:

the electrical conductor configured as a planar resonator line including a specified multiple of half-wavelengths (λ

/2) in the substrate of a desired frequency of an electromagnetic input signal to be used to address the planar resonator in a non-grounded configuration;

or the electrical conductor configured as a planar resonator line including a specified multiple of quarter-wavelengths (λ

/4) in the substrate of a desired frequency of an electromagnetic input signal to be used to address the planar resonator in a grounded configuration.

5. The medical device of claim 1, wherein ones of the local heat sources are arranged in a strip-line configuration at different locations along a shared main line.

6. The medical device of claim 1, wherein ones of the local heat sources are arranged with a capacitive coupling between the electrical conductor and the active substrate.

7. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the elongate body includes a catheter that includes an interior conduit capable of permitting fluid flow.

8. The medical device of claim 1, comprising a temperature sensor located on the elongate body at or near the matrix of heat sources, the temperature sensor providing a sensed temperature used to control the selective addressing and energizing of the heat sources in the matrix.

9. The medical device of claim 1, comprising a piezoelectric or other mechanical output transducer located on the elongate body on the biocompatible distal portion that is configured to be insertable or implantable into the subject.

10. A method of using a biocompatible medical device that is at least partially implantable into a living human or animal subject, the method comprising:

obtaining or providing the medical device including an elongate body including a matrix of local heat sources selectively addressable and energizable in location by varying a frequency of an AC electromagnetic input signal; and

applying the same AC electromagnetic input signal to selectively address and energize local heat sources in the matrix to vary a location of locally generated heat without requiring concurrent energizing of all of the local heat sources in the matrix, the selectively addressing and energizing ones of the local heat sources in the matrix in response to a specified frequency of the same AC electromagnetic input signal having a variable frequency for the selectively addressing and energizing of the ones of the local heat sources and using the same AC electromagnetic input signal to generate heat by energizing the local heat source

wherein ones of the local heat sources include;

an electrical conductor, connected or coupled to receive the same AC electromagnetic input signal; and

a semiconductor, a lossy dielectric, thin-film metal, or a crystalline active substrate, arranged with respect to the electrical conductor to use the same addressing and energizing AC electromagnetic input signal to generate heat in the active substrate in response to the same AC electromagnetic input signal being at the specified frequency.

11. The method of claim 10, comprising sweeping across the local heat sources individually or in groups to selectively energize ones of the local heat sources to attain a desired operating temperature at a first location for a desired first duration without exceeding a biological thermal budget at the first location, then selectively energizing ones of the local heat sources to attain a desired operating temperature at a different second location for a desired second duration without exceeding a biological thermal budget at the second location.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the selectively energizing includes selecting a frequency of the time-varying electromagnetic input signal to control selection of a heat generation location within at least one of the heat sources.

13. The method of claim 10, comprising dynamically generating heat in the active substrate in response to the AC electromagnetic input signal applied to the electrical conductor.

14. The method of claim 13, comprising using the AC electromagnetic input signal to manage an electrical conduction within the active substrate for the dynamically generating heat in the active substrate.

15. The method of claim 10, further comprising controlling a location of heat generation within at least one of the local heat sources in the matrix of local heat sources.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein the ones of the local heat sources including at least one of:

a pair of electrodes with variable interelectrode spacing, a planar resonator structure, or a strip-line structure.

17. The method of claim 10, comprising using ones of the local heat sources for providing an amount of heat to inhibit, disrupt, or sterilize a biofilm within, on, or adjacent to the elongate body, wherein the providing the amount of heat is less than an amount of heat to damage a biological tissue or fluid adjacent to or near the elongate body.

18. The method of claim 10, comprising using a sensed temperature to control the selective energizing of ones of the local heat sources in the matrix without requiring concurrent energizing of all of the local heat sources.

19. The method of claim 10, further comprising applying a DC or slowly varying AC positive voltage at a location on the elongate body that is configured to be inserted into subject, the positive voltage configured to attract a negatively charged pathogen toward the elongate body for concurrent or subsequent heat neutralization by the applying an AC electromagnetic input signal to selectively energize local heat sources in the matrix.

20. A method of using a biocompatible medical device that is at least partially implantable into a living human or animal subject, the method comprising:

obtaining or providing the medical device including an elongate body including a matrix of local heat sources;

applying an electromagnetic input signal to selectively energize local heat sources in the matrix to vary a location of locally generated heat without requiring concurrent energizing of all of the local heat sources in the matrix; and

applying a DC or slowly varying AC first polarity voltage at a location on the elongate body that is configured to be inserted into subject, the first polarity voltage configured to attract a oppositely charged pathogen toward the elongate body for concurrent or subsequent heat neutralization by the applying an electromagnetic input signal to selectively energize local heat sources in the matrix.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the obtaining or providing the medical device comprises the matrix of local heat sources including at least one of:

a pair of electrodes with variable interelectrode spacing;

a planar resonator structure;

or a strip-line structure.

22. A method of using a biocompatible medical device that is at least partially implantable into a living human or animal subject, the method comprising:

obtaining or providing the medical device including an elongate body including a matrix of local heat sources, wherein the obtaining or providing the medical device comprises the matrix of local heat sources including at least one of;

a pair of electrodes with variable interelectrode spacing;

a planar resonator structure;

or a strip-line structure; and

applying an AC electromagnetic input signal to both selectively address and energize local heat sources in the matrix to vary a location of locally generated heat without requiring concurrent energizing of all of the local heat sources in the matrix

wherein ones of the local heat sources include;

an electrical conductor, connected or coupled to receive the same AC electromagnetic input signal; and

a semiconductor, a lossy dielectric, thin-film metal, or a crystalline active substrate, arranged with respect to the electrical conductor to use the same addressing and energizing AC electromagnetic input signal to generate heat in the active substrate in response to the same AC electromagnetic input signal being at the specified frequency.

23. The method of claim 22, comprising using a sensed temperature for controlling the selective energizing of ones of the local heat sources in the matrix.

24. The method of claim 22, comprising activating together a sensor and corresponding one of the heat sources in response to the electromagnetic input signal being at the specified frequency.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the applying an electromagnetic input signal to selectively energize local heat sources in the matrix to vary a location of locally generated heat comprises establishing a temperature gradient between at least two of the local heat sources.