Method for relaying signals via a full-duplex, bi-directional relay

• US 10,516,470 B2
• Filed: 07/03/2019
• Issued: 12/24/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 02/11/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Ma, Yunfei, Selby, Nicholas, Adib, Fadel
• Primary Examiner(s): Miller, Brian E
• Application Number:
  US16/503,105
• Publication Number:
  US 20190341994A1
• Time in Patent Office: 174 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/067 Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/145 Passive relay systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/15564 Relay station antennae loop interference reduction

Abstract

A method may comprise relaying a wireless signal via a bi-directional, full-duplex relay. The relay may comprise an analog uplink relay and an analog downlink relay, and may relay signals between a transmitter and a backscatter node. The spectrum of the downlink signal transmitted by the downlink relay may be different than the spectrum of the uplink signal received by the uplink relay. Filtering may attenuate leakage from the downlink relay to the uplink relay, and vice versa. The uplink relay may create a phase offset that is opposite in sign and substantially equal in magnitude to the phase offset created by the downlink relay. The downlink and uplink relays, taken together, may create a substantially constant net phase offset. The full-duplex relay may be housed in a vehicle that moves, and may be used to determine spatial coordinates of backscatter sources that are located in the relay'"'"'s environment.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

(a) receiving wireless downlink signals from a transmitter and transmitting the downlink signals to a backscatter node, in such a way that (i) the receiving and transmitting of the downlink signals are performed by an analog downlink relay, and (ii) the downlink signals have a first spectrum when transmitted by the downlink relay;

(b) receiving wireless uplink signals from the backscatter node and transmitting the uplink signals to the transmitter, in such a way that (i) the receiving and transmitting of the uplink signals are performed by an analog uplink relay and (ii) the uplink signals having a second spectrum when received by the uplink relay from the backscatter node, the second spectrum being different than the first spectrum;

wherein

(I) the downlink relay includes a first analog filter,

(II) the uplink relay includes a second analog filter, and

(III) the method further comprises filtering the downlink and uplink signals by the first and second filters, respectively, in such a way as to attenuate a first leakage and a second leakage, the first leakage being leakage, to the uplink relay, of downlink signals transmitted by the downlink relay, and the second leakage being leakage, to the downlink relay, of uplink signals transmitted by the uplink relay.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:

(a) the downlink relay (i) downconverting the downlink signals, lowpass filtering the downlink signals in baseband, and upconverting the downlink signals, or (ii) shifting frequency of the downlink signals and bandpass filtering the downlink signals; and

(b) the uplink relay (i) downconverting the uplink signals, bandpass filtering the uplink signals in baseband, and upconverting the uplink signals, or (ii) shifting frequency of the uplink signals and bandpass filtering the uplink signals.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein:

(a) the downlink signal is received by the downlink relay at a first frequency and is transmitted by the downlink relay at a second frequency; and

(b) the uplink signal is received by the uplink relay at the second frequency and is transmitted by the uplink relay at the first frequency.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further includes:

(a) creating, with the downlink relay, a first phase offset in the downlink signals;

(b) creating, with the uplink relay, a second phase offset in the uplink signals, which second phase offset is opposite in sign and substantially equal in magnitude to the first phase offset.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, for a specific phase and a specific frequency of downlink signal received by the downlink relay, the downlink and uplink relays together create a net phase offset that is substantially constant, the net phase offset being equal to the absolute value of the difference between the first and second phase offsets.

6. A method comprising:

(a) receiving wireless downlink signals and retransmitting the downlink signals; and

(b) receiving wireless uplink signals and retransmitting the uplink signals;

wherein the receiving and retransmitting of downlink signals and the receiving and retransmitting of uplink signals are performed by a set of two of more full-duplex analog relays, in such a way that

(i) in each specific full-duplex relay in the set

(A) an analog downlink relay of the specific full-duplex relay retransmits the downlink signals at a first peak frequency, which first peak frequency is different than that at which all other downlink relays in the set retransmit, and

(B) an analog uplink relay of the specific full-duplex relay retransmits the uplink signals at a second peak frequency, which second peak frequency is different than that at which all other uplink relays in the set retransmit,

(C) the downlink signals have a first spectrum when transmitted by the downlink relay of the specific full-duplex relay and have a second spectrum when received by the uplink relay of the specific full-duplex relay, which second spectrum is different than the first spectrum, and

(D) the uplink and downlink signals are filtered by a first analog filter and a second analog filter, respectively, of the specific full-duplex relay, in such a way as to attenuate a first leakage and a second leakage, the first leakage being leakage, to the uplink relay of the specific full-duplex relay, of downlink signals transmitted by the downlink relay of the specific full-duplex relay, and the second leakage being leakage, to the downlink relay of the specific full-duplex relay, of uplink signals transmitted by the uplink relay of the specific full-duplex relay,

(ii) a first full-duplex analog relay in the set receives the downlink signals from a first transmitter,

(iii) a second full-duplex analog relay in the set retransmits the downlink signals to a backscatter node,

(iv) the second full-duplex relay receives the uplink signals from the backscatter node, and

(v) the first second full-duplex relay transmits the uplink signals to the first transmitter.

7. A method comprising:

(a) receiving wireless downlink signals from a first transceiver and transmitting the downlink signals to a second transceiver, the receiving and transmitting of the downlink signals being performed by an analog downlink relay in such a way as to create a first phase offset in the downlink signals; and

(b) receiving wireless uplink signals from the second transceiver and transmitting the uplink signals to the first transceiver, the receiving and transmitting of the uplink signals being performed by an analog uplink relay in such a way as to create a second phase offset, which second phase offset is opposite in sign and substantially equal in magnitude to the first phase offset;

wherein

(i) a full-duplex analog relay includes the downlink relay and the uplink relay and is housed in a vehicle, and

(ii) the method further comprises, at different times while the vehicle moves in a trajectory, relaying the uplink signals in such a way that spatial coordinates of the second transceiver are inferable from information about the trajectory and from phase of the uplink signals as received by the full-duplex relay.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the downlink and uplink signals are relayed by the full-duplex relay in such a way that, for a specific phase and a specific frequency of downlink signal received by the downlink relay, the downlink and uplink relay together create a net phase offset that is substantially constant, the net phase offset being equal to the absolute value of the difference between the first and second phase offsets.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the method also includes:

(a) taking measurements of the uplink signals at the different times while the vehicle moves through different positions in the trajectory, the taking measurements being performed by the first transceiver;

(b) calculating a set of distance measurements, by computing, for each of the different positions, phase of the uplink signals as received by the full-duplex relay; and

(c) calculating, based on the set of distance measurements, spatial coordinates of the second transceiver.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein:

(a) the first transceiver is a component of an RFID reader;

(b) the second transceiver is a component of a first RFID tag;

(c) the first RIFD tag is wirelessly powered; and

(d) the full-duplex relay and a second RFID tag are housed in the vehicle.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises calculating a division in such a way that:

(a) the division comprises dividing a numerator by a denominator to calculate a quotient;

(b) the numerator is a signal from the first tag, as measured by the reader after being relayed by the relay;

(c) the denominator is a signal that is measured by the reader and that is from the second tag which is housed with the relay in the vehicle;

(d) the quotient is a signal that has a phase; and

(e) the phase of the quotient depends on a first distance and does not depend on a second distance, the first distance being distance between the first tag and the full-duplex analog relay, and the second distance being distance between the full-duplex analog relay and the reader.

12. The method of claim 7, wherein:

(a) the second transceiver comprises a backscatter node;

(b) the downlink signals have a first spectrum when transmitted by the downlink relay;

(c) the uplink signals have a second spectrum when received by the uplink relay from the second transceiver, the second spectrum being different than the first spectrum;

(d) the downlink relay includes a first analog filter;

(e) the uplink relay includes a second analog filter; and

(f) the method further comprises filtering the downlink and uplink signals by the first and second filters, respectively, in such a way as to attenuate a first leakage and a second leakage, the first leakage being leakage, to the uplink relay, of downlink signals transmitted by the downlink relay, and the second leakage being leakage, to the downlink relay, of uplink signals transmitted by the uplink relay.