Regenerative drive system

• US 10,518,645 B2
• Filed: 02/17/2016
• Issued: 12/31/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 02/25/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Knorr-Bremse Systeme Fur Nutzfahrzeuge GMBH (Estate of Heinz Hermann Thiele)
• Original Assignee: Knorr-Bremse Systeme Fur Nutzfahrzeuge GMBH (Estate of Heinz Hermann Thiele)
• Inventors: Baumgartner, Johann
• Primary Examiner(s): Mackey, Patrick H
• Application Number:
  US15/553,468
• Publication Number:
  US 20180244156A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,413 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 17/043 Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2001/006 the electric motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2007/0038 the motor moving together with the wheel axle
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2007/0092 the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 7/0007 the motor being electric
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/28 Trailers
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/36 Vehicles designed to transport cargo, e.g. trucks
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/50 Structural details of electrical machines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/10 Dynamic electric regenerative braking B60L7/22 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60Y 2400/209 Piezoelectric elements
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 23/02 with adjustment of throw by changing the position of the wobble-member gearings in which the transmission ratio is changed by adjustment of a wobble-plate F16H29/04; gearings with gyroscopic action, e.g. comprising wobble-plates F16H33/10
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 23/10 with rotary wobble-plates with plane surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: H02N 2/005 Mechanical details, e.g. housings casings for dynamo-electric machines H02K5/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02N 2/006 Elastic elements, e.g. springs in general F16F1/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02N 2/009 Thermal details, e.g. cooling means
• CPC Class Codes: H02N 2/105 Cycloid or wobble motors; Harmonic traction motors
• CPC Class Codes: H02N 2/123 Mechanical transmission means, e.g. for gearing

Abstract

A regenerative drive system for generating a rotary movement, which is in the form of a direct hub drive and includes an electric machine that works on the piezoelectric principle, more particularly in the form of a swash plate motor is provided. The drive system can be fitted in vehicles such as box trucks, truck tractors and trailer vehicles.

Claims

1. A drive apparatus with recuperation capability for generating a rotational movement for a vehicle, comprising:

a hub direct drive, wherein

the hub direct drive comprises an electric machine which operates in accordance with a piezoelectric operating principle,

the drive apparatus has at least three actuators which operate in accordance with the piezoelectric operating principle and which are arranged with a 120°

pitch on an effective diameter DW, and

the at least three actuators have in each case one housing.

2. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein

the housing has slots in a radial circumferential direction.

3. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein

the drive apparatus has two groups of actuators with in each case at least three actuators.

4. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein

the actuators of the first group have an opposite direction of action to the second group of actuators.

5. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein

the at least three actuators of the first group are arranged with a 120°

pitch, and the actuators of the second group, which are likewise arranged with a 120°

pitch, are offset by 60°

in relation to the actuators of the first group.

6. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein

the two groups of actuators with in each case at least three actuators are inserted in an actuator housing.

7. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the actuator housing has cooling fins on an outer wall.

8. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein

the actuator housing surrounds the actuators radially in each case in the manner of a housing and axially at in each case one end of the actuators.

9. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the actuator housing is extended through by a supporting column.

10. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the supporting column is extended through by a central bolt.

11. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the central bolt has a head part.

12. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein the central bolt has a shank, a threaded section and a passage bore.

14. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the actuator-force-conducting components are subjectable to a preload by way of the central bolt.

15. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the central bolt is made from a tempering steel of quality 10.9 or 12.9.

16. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the supporting column is made from a technical ceramic material.

17. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the supporting column is made from silicon carbide (SiC).

18. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the actuator housing is made from a material with low density and high modulus of elasticity.

19. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the actuator housing is made from a technical ceramic material.

20. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein the actuator housing is made from silicon carbide (SiC).

21. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the drive apparatus has a swash plate.

22. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 21, wherein

the actuators of the first group act directly, and the actuators of the second group act indirectly, on the swash plate.

26. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein

the actuators of the second group are actuated, in relation to a phase position of the actuation of the actuators of the first group, so as to yield a maximum overlap of the strokes of the actuators.

27. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein

the actuators of the second group are actuated, in relation to the phase position of the actuation of the actuators of the first group, so as to yield a maximum action of force of the actuators on the swash plate.

28. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein the swash plate has a toothing.

29. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 28, wherein the swash plate has a spur toothing.

30. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 28, wherein the drive apparatus has a drive disk.

31. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 30, wherein the drive disk has a toothing.

32. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 31, wherein the toothing of the swash plate interacts or meshes with the toothing of the drive disk.

33. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 32, wherein the toothing of the swash plate and the toothing of the drive disk have a modulus of 0.25 to 0.7.

34. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 30, wherein the drive apparatus has an anchor plate.

35. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 34, wherein the anchor plate has a spur toothing.

36. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 35, wherein

a spur toothing of the swash plate geometrically corresponds to the spur toothing of the anchor plate.

44. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 30, wherein a transmission of torque between the drive disk and a wheel hub is realized via a freewheel-like roller-ramp system.

45. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 44, wherein

a part of the wheel hub which accommodates the drive apparatus is covered toward the outside by a protective cap.

46. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 45, wherein the protective cap is connected to a wheel hub housing.

47. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 45, wherein the protective cap has openings.

48. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 30, wherein

the drive apparatus has a disk-shaped seal which seals off the actuator housing on its side facing toward the swash plate, and a swash plate gearing formed from the swash plate and the drive disk, and hearing points, with respect to the surroundings.

49. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 48, wherein

the disk-shaped seal has, on its wheel-hub-side circumference, a seal bead by which the seal is fixed between the wheel hub and the protective cap.

50. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 48, wherein

the disk-shaped seal has, on its actuator-housing-side circumference, a seal bead by which the seal is fixed between the actuator housing and the swash plate.

51. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein the swash plate is formed as a composite component.

52. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein

the swash plate has a swash plate body which is made from glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GRP).

53. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 21, wherein the actuators act periodically on the swash plate.

54. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 53, wherein

the actuators act periodically on the swash plate in accordance with a sinusoidal function which is phase-offset by 120°

.

57. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drive apparatus has a stepped switching function.

58. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 57, wherein

the stepped switching function acts on swash plate gearing, wherein the swash plate gearing is formed from a swash plate and a drive disk, and realizes at least two transmission ratio stages of the swash plate gearing.

59. A tractor vehicle or semitrailer tractor, wherein

wheels of a leading axle and/or wheels of a trailing axle have a drive apparatus as claimed in claim 1.

60. The tractor vehicle or semitrailer tractor as claimed in claim 59, wherein

the tractor vehicle or the semitrailer tractor has an energy store in which energy obtained by recuperative braking via the drive apparatus is stored and from which stored energy is released for drive of the tractor vehicle or of the semitrailer tractor by way of the drive apparatus.

61. A trailer vehicle, wherein wheels of trailer vehicle axles of the trailer vehicle have a drive apparatus as claimed in claim 1.

62. The trailer vehicle as claimed in claim 61, wherein the trailer vehicle has an energy store in which energy obtained by recuperative braking via the drive apparatus is stored and from which stored energy is released for drive of the trailer vehicle by way of the drive apparatus.

63. A truck-trailer combination comprising a tractor vehicle or a semitrailer tractor and at least one trailer vehicle, wherein one or both of the vehicles has a drive apparatus as claimed in claim 1.

13. The drive apparatus as claimed in 11, wherein

the drive apparatus has a seal which surrounds the head part and Which is fastened to the actuator housing.

23. The drive apparatus as claimed in 22, wherein

the actuators of the second group act directly, and the actuators of the first group act indirectly, on a head part of the central bolt.

24. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 23, wherein the actuators act periodically on the head part of the central bolt.

25. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 24, wherein

the actuators act periodically on the head part of the central bolt in accordance with a sinusoidal function which is phase-offset by 120°

.

37. The drive apparatus as claimed in 34, wherein the drive apparatus has a pivot bearing between the swash plate and the drive disk.

38. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 37, wherein the pivot bearing involves rolling contact.

39. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 38, wherein

the rolling contact is formed by:

a component with spherical-sector-shaped geometry, which is inserted into a stepped bore of the swash plate, and a spherical-sector-shaped depression of the drive disk, between which there is arranged a bearing cage in which rolling bearing balls are held.

40. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 39, wherein

the drive apparatus has a spring element between the base of the stepped bore of the swash plate and the component with spherical-sector-shaped geometry.

41. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 40, wherein the spring element is a plate spring.

42. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 41, wherein

the plate spring is supported on the base of the stepped bore of the swash plate and acts with its spring force against the component with spherical-sector-shaped geometry.

43. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 41, wherein

the drive apparatus has a ring between the component with spherical-sector-shaped geometry and the plate spring.

55. The drive apparatus as claimed in 1, wherein the drive apparatus has a disconnect switching function.

56. The drive apparatus as claimed in claim 55, wherein

functions of drive, recuperative braking and freewheeling of the drive apparatus are realized by the disconnect switching function.