Retired page utilization (RPU) for improved write capacity of solid state drives

• US 10,521,339 B2
• Filed: 02/27/2014
• Issued: 12/31/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 02/28/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: TECHNION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION, LTD. (Technion-Israel Institute Of Technology)
• Original Assignee: TECHNION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION, LTD. (Technion-Israel Institute Of Technology)
• Inventors: Birk, Yitzhak, Berman, Amit
• Primary Examiner(s): Dudek, Jr., Edward J
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dare, Ryan
• Application Number:
  US14/191,471
• Publication Number:
  US 20140244912A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,133 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0246 in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/7205 Cleaning, compaction, garbage collection, erase control
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/7207 management of metadata or control data

Abstract

A method for writing data to a memory module, the method may include determining to write a representation of a data unit to a retired group of memory cells; searching for a selected retired group of memory cells that can store a representation of the data unit without being erased; and writing the representation of the data unit to the selected retired group of memory cells.

Claims

1. A method for writing data to a memory module, the method comprises:

determining to write a representation of a data unit to a retired group of memory cells;

wherein the retired group of memory cells are capable of storing a certain value only after being erased, but are capable of storing certain other values without being erased;

searching for a selected retired group of memory cells that can store a representation of the data unit without being erased; and

writing the representation of the data unit to the selected retired group of memory cells.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining is preceded by finding that an encoded data unit of a first value cannot be written to a first group of memory cells without erasing an erase block that comprises the first group of memory cells.

3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the determining comprises determining whether to write the representation of the data unit to an erased group of memory cells or to the retired group of memory cells.

4. The method according to claim 1, comprising generating a representation of the data unit by applying an encoding scheme that allows representing a same value in different manners and considering at least one of the manners when evaluating a candidate group of cells.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the encoding scheme is a write-once memory scheme.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the encoded data unit of the first value is encoded by using an encoding scheme that is limited to representing a value by a single manner.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining is preceded by finding that writing an encoded data unit of a first value to a first group of memory cells is more costly than writing the representation of the data unit to the selected group of memory cells.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first group of memory cells forms a page of memory cells.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selected retired group of memory cells is a portion of a retired page of memory cells.

10. The method according to claim 1, comprising allocating the first group of memory cells to a pool of retired memory cell groups.

11. The method according to claim 1, comprising searching the selected retired group of memory cells out of multiple groups of memory cells of a pool of retired memory cells.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the multiple groups of memory cells form a subset of the pool of the retired memory cells.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the multiple groups of memory cells form a subset of the pool of the retired memory cells, wherein the subset is generated based upon a number of writable without erasure memory cells within each group of memory cells.

14. The method according to claim 11, comprising selecting the selected retired group of memory cells out of multiple groups of memory cells of the pool of retired memory cells in response to a number of writable without erasure memory cells per each group of memory cells.

15. The method according to claim 11, comprising selecting the selected group of memory cell out of groups of memory cell capable of storing the representation of the data unit without being erased as having a lowest number of writable without erasure memory cells.

16. The method according to claim 11, comprising selecting the selected group of memory cells to be of (a) a smallest number of memory cells that need to be written into out of the multiple groups of memory cells, and (b) is capable of storing the representation of the data unit without being erased.

17. The method according to claim 11, comprising selecting the selected group of memory cells in response to a program and erase cycle count of each of the multiple groups of memory cells.

18. The method according to claim 11, comprising selecting the selected group of memory cells as having a lowest number of program and erase cycle count of each of the multiple groups of memory cells.

19. The method according to claim 1 wherein the retired group of memory cells are single level cells.

20. A non-transitory computer readable medium that stores instructions for determining to write a representation of a data unit to a retired group of memory cells;

wherein the retired group of memory cells are capable of storing a certain value only after being erased, but are capable of storing certain other values without being erased;

searching for a selected retired group of memory cells that can store a representation of the data unit without being erased; and

writing the representation of the data unit to the selected retired group of memory cells.

21. A system comprising a memory controller that is arranged to determine to write a representation of a data unit to a retired group of memory cells;

wherein the retired group of memory cells are capable of storing a certain value only after being erased, but are capable of storing certain other values without being erased;

search for a selected retired group of memory cells that can store a representation of the data unit without being erased; and

write the representation of the data unit to the selected retired group of memory cells.