Neutralization and containment of redox species produced by circumferential electrodes
First Claim
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1. A method for electrochemical oligomer synthesis on a dense electrode array comprising:
- (a) providing a dense electrode array including a plurality of cells and a surface, where each cell of the plurality of cells includes an anode and a circumferential cathode, where each of the anodes are separately addressable electrodes, where a porous reaction layer is adsorbed to the surface, where the porous reaction layer is formed from one or more materials selected from the group consisting of a disaccharide, and a monosaccharide;
(b) contacting the porous reaction layer with a bathing solution; and
(c) bonding a first nucleotide having at least one protected chemical functional group to the porous reaction layer;
(d) conducting a deblocking step by addressing each active anode with a first current or a first voltage to generate an acid, where each active anode is surrounded by a cathode that is biased with a second current or a second voltage, where the cathode produces a base to neutralize the acid, where the cathode is separated from each active anode by an electrode margin, where an insulating material is present in the electrode margin, where the at least one protected chemical functional group is removed by the action of the acid forming at least one deprotected chemical functional group; and
(e) bonding a second nucleotide having at least one protected chemical functional group to the at least one deprotected chemical functional group.
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Abstract
There is disclosed an electrode array architecture employing continuous and discontinuous circumferential electrodes. There is further disclosed a process for the neutralization of acid generated at anode(s) by base generated at cathode(s) circumferentially located to each other so as to confine a region of pH change. The cathodes can be displayed as concentric rings (continuous) or as counter electrodes in a cross pattern (discontinuous). In this way reagents, such as acid, generated in a center electrode are countered (neutralized) by reagents, such as base, generated at the corners or at the outer ring.
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Citations
17 Claims
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1. A method for electrochemical oligomer synthesis on a dense electrode array comprising:
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(a) providing a dense electrode array including a plurality of cells and a surface, where each cell of the plurality of cells includes an anode and a circumferential cathode, where each of the anodes are separately addressable electrodes, where a porous reaction layer is adsorbed to the surface, where the porous reaction layer is formed from one or more materials selected from the group consisting of a disaccharide, and a monosaccharide; (b) contacting the porous reaction layer with a bathing solution; and (c) bonding a first nucleotide having at least one protected chemical functional group to the porous reaction layer; (d) conducting a deblocking step by addressing each active anode with a first current or a first voltage to generate an acid, where each active anode is surrounded by a cathode that is biased with a second current or a second voltage, where the cathode produces a base to neutralize the acid, where the cathode is separated from each active anode by an electrode margin, where an insulating material is present in the electrode margin, where the at least one protected chemical functional group is removed by the action of the acid forming at least one deprotected chemical functional group; and (e) bonding a second nucleotide having at least one protected chemical functional group to the at least one deprotected chemical functional group. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5)
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6. A method for electrochemical oligomer synthesis on a dense electrode array comprising:
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(a) providing a dense electrode array including a plurality of cells and a surface, where each cell of the plurality of cells includes an anode and a cathode, where the cathode forms an outer ring around each anode, where each of the anodes are separately addressable, where a porous reaction layer comprising a disaccharide and/or a monosaccharide is adsorbed to the surface; (b) applying a bathing solution to the porous reaction layer; (c) bonding a first nucleotide having at least one protected chemical functional group to the porous reaction layer; (d) addressing one or more anodes with a first current or a first voltage to generate an acid; (e) applying a second current or a second voltage to the cathode to generate a base, where the base neutralizes the acid, where the cathode is separated from each active anode by an electrode margin, where an insulating material is present in the electrode margin, where the at least one protected chemical functional group is removed by the action of the acid forming at least one deprotected chemical functional group; and (f) bonding a second nucleotide having at least one protected chemical functional group to the at least one deprotected chemical functional group. - View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A method for electrochemical oligomer synthesis on a dense electrode array comprising:
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(a) providing a dense electrode array including a plurality of cells and a surface, where each cell of the plurality of cells includes a cathode and an anode, where the anode forms an outer ring around each cathode, where each of the cathodes are separately addressable, where a porous reaction layer comprising a disaccharide and/or a monosaccharide is adsorbed to the surface; (b) applying a bathing solution to the porous reaction layer; (c) bonding a first nucleotide having at least one protected chemical functional group to the porous reaction layer; (d) addressing one or more cathodes with a first current or a first voltage to generate a base; (e) applying a second current or a second voltage to the anode to generate an acid, where the acid neutralizes the base, where the anode is separated from each active cathode by an electrode margin, where an insulating material is present in the electrode margin, where the at least one protected chemical functional group is removed by the action of the acid forming at least one deprotected chemical functional group; and (f) bonding a second nucleotide having at least one protected chemical functional group to the at least one deprotected chemical functional group. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17)
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Specification