Exhaust gas processing system and processing method

• US 10,532,312 B2
• Filed: 11/10/2015
• Issued: 01/14/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: IHI Corporation
• Original Assignee: IHI Corporation
• Inventors: Naito, Toshiyuki
• Primary Examiner(s): Krcha, Matthew D
• Application Number:
  US14/936,819
• Publication Number:
  US 20160059185A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,526 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2251/102 Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2256/22 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/602 Mercury or mercury compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2258/0283 Flue gases
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 47/06 Spray cleaning
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/002 by condensation
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/261 by adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/30 Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus regulating non electrical variables in general G05D
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/346 Controlling the process
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/501 by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/56 Nitrogen oxides B01D53/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/62 Carbon oxides
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/64 Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/75 Multi-step processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/77 Liquid phase processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/78 with gas-liquid contact
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/50 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 15/04 using washing fluids scrubbers for removing solids only F23J15/022
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2215/10 Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2215/20 Sulfur; Compounds thereof
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2215/50 : Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2215/60 : Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2219/40 : Sorption with wet devices, e.g. scrubbers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 : of CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/32 : Direct CO2 mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/151 : Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

Abstract

An exhaust gas processing system having excellent durability and good desulfurization and denitration efficiency is provided to efficiently recover carbon dioxide with high purity and reduced processing costs. The exhaust gas processing system has: a desulfurization unit removing sulfur oxides from the exhaust gas by the limestone-gypsum method; a denitration unit arranged downstream of the desulfurization unit to remove nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas; a carbon dioxide recovery arranged downstream of the denitration unit to recover carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas; and an oxygen supply unit supplying to the desulfurization unit with a faction of the recovered gas from the carbon dioxide recovery unit as oxygen source. An analyzer is used to monitor the purity and recovery ratio of the carbon dioxide recovered, and the supplied ratio of recovered gas is adjusted, based on the monitored purity and recovery ratio.

Claims

1. An exhaust gas processing system, comprising:

a desulfurization unit having a gas inlet portion from which an exhaust gas introduced, that removes a sulfur oxide from the exhaust gas by a limestone/gypsum method;

a denitration unit arranged in a subsequent stage from the desulfurization unit to remove a nitrogen oxide from the exhaust gas;

a drying unit arranged in a subsequent stage from the denitration unit and having a desiccant to remove water from the exhaust gas;

a carbon dioxide recovery unit arranged in a subsequent stage from the drying unit to recover carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas by separating the exhaust gas into carbon dioxide and a post-recovery gas in which carbon dioxide is reduced; and

an oxygen supply unit having a pipe through which the post-recovery gas is discharged from the carbon dioxide recovery unit via the drying unit and a branch pipe branched from the pipe and connected to the desulfurization unit, that supplies a fraction of the post-recovery gas discharged from the carbon dioxide recovery unit, as an oxygen source, to the desulfurization unit through the branch pipe,

wherein the desiccant of the drying unit is regenerated with the post-recovery gas discharged from the carbon dioxide recovery unit through the pipe, and

wherein the oxygen supply unit comprises;

a monitor having an analyzer for monitoring a purity and a recovery ratio of the recovered carbon dioxide recovered by the carbon dioxide recovery unit; and

flow rate adjusting valves provided on the pipe and the branch pipe, that adjust a proportion of the fraction of the post-recovery gas to be supplied to the desulfurization unit in the post-recovery gas discharged from the carbon dioxide recovery unit, based on the purity and the recovery ratio of the recovered carbon dioxide which are monitored by the monitor, thereby enabling a supply condition that impurity is not excessively concentrated in the exhaust gas to be supplied to the carbon dioxide recovery unit.

2. The exhaust gas processing system as set forth in claim 1, wherein

the monitor compares the purity of the recovered carbon dioxide and the recovery ratio of the carbon dioxide which are monitored by the analyzer, with a target purity and a target recovery ratio, and performs at least one of:

an adjustment to decrease the proportion of the fraction of the post-recovery gas to be supplied to the desulfurization unit when the monitored purity of the recovered carbon dioxide is lower than the target purity; and

an adjustment to increase the proportion of the fraction of the post-recovery gas to be supplied to the desulfurization unit when the monitored recovery ratio of the recovered carbon dioxide is lower than the target recovery ratio.

3. The exhaust gas processing system as set forth in claim 2, wherein

the monitor further comprises an additional analyzer for monitoring a concentration of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas discharged from the desulfurization unit, and

the monitor compares the sulfur dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas which is monitored by the additional analyzer, with a target sulfur dioxide concentration, and performs an adjustment to increase the proportion of the fraction of the post-recovery gas to be supplied to the desulfurization unit when the monitored sulfur dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas is higher than the target sulfur dioxide concentration.

4. The exhaust gas processing system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the oxygen supply unit comprises:

a separator for separating carbon dioxide from the post-recovery gas discharged from the carbon dioxide recovery unit; and

a carbon dioxide supply unit that supplies the carbon dioxide separated by the separator to the denitration unit, and the oxygen supply unit supplies the post-recovery gas from which the carbon dioxide has been separated by the separator partially to the desulfurization unit.

5. The exhaust gas processing system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the desulfurization unit comprises:

a desulfurizer that uses an absorbing liquid containing a calcium compound to remove the sulfur oxide from the exhaust gas; and

a washing apparatus that uses a washing water to wash the exhaust gas discharged from the desulfurizer and remove calcium-containing particles contained in the exhaust gas, and the oxygen supply unit supplies the fraction of the post-recovery gas to the absorbing liquid in the desulfurizer.

6. The exhaust gas processing system as set forth in claim 5, wherein

the desulfurization unit further comprises a first reactor arranged in front of the desulfurizer, which advances an oxidation reaction to produce sulfur trioxide from sulfur dioxide, and

the denitration unit comprises:

a second reactor arranged in a subsequent stage from the desulfurization unit, which advances an oxidation reaction to produce nitrogen dioxide from nitrogen monoxide; and

a denitration apparatus that uses an aqueous absorbing liquid to remove nitrogen dioxide from the exhaust gas.

7. The exhaust gas processing system as set forth in claim 1, wherein

the denitration unit comprises a reactor that advances an oxidation reaction to produce nitrogen dioxide from nitrogen monoxide, and a denitration apparatus that uses an aqueous absorbing liquid to remove nitrogen dioxide from the exhaust gas, and

the reactor comprises at least one compressor for compressing the exhaust gas discharged from the desulfurization unit, and the denitration unit further comprises at least one cooler for cooling the exhaust gas compressed by the at least one compressor.

8. The exhaust gas processing system as set forth in claim 1, further comprising:

a mercury removing unit that removes mercury from the exhaust gas.

9. An exhaust gas processing method, comprising:

providing the apparatus of claim 1;

a desulfurization processing that the exhaust gas is introduced to remove the sulfur oxide from the exhaust gas according to the limestone/gypsum method;

a denitration processing that removes the nitrogen oxide from the exhaust gas;

a drying processing to remove water from the exhaust gas with the desiccant;

a carbon dioxide recovery processing that recovers carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas by separating the exhaust gas into carbon dioxide and the post-recovery gas in which carbon dioxide is reduced;

a regenerating processing to supply the post-recovery gas discharged by the carbon dioxide recovery processing, to the desiccant used in the drying processing, to regenerate the desiccant; and

an oxygen supply processing that supplies the fraction of the post-recovery gas discharged by the carbon dioxide recovery processing, as the oxygen source, to the desulfurization processing,

wherein the oxygen supply processing comprises;

monitoring of the purity and the recovery ratio of the recovered carbon dioxide recovered by the carbon dioxide recovery processing; and

adjustment for adjusting the proportion of the fraction of the post-recovery gas to be supplied to the desulfurization processing in the post-recovery gas discharged from the carbon dioxide recovery processing, based on the purity and the recovery ratio of the recovered carbon dioxide which are monitored by the monitoring, thereby enabling the supply condition that impurity is not excessively concentrated in the exhaust gas to be supplied to the carbon dioxide recovery processing.