Energy Harvesting device

• US 10,536,091 B1
• Filed: 11/15/2018
• Issued: 01/14/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 11/15/2018
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: National Tsing Hua University
• Original Assignee: National Tsing Hua University
• Inventors: Hsieh, Ping-Hsuan, Wang, Shih-Wei, Ke, Yi-Wen
• Primary Examiner(s): Finch, III, Fred E
• Application Number:
  US16/191,802
• Time in Patent Office: 425 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/007 Plural converter units in cascade push-pull DC/DC converters with pre-regulator H02M3/3374; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC stage including a high frequency transformer H02M7/4807; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC conversion stage generating periodically varying voltages H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/155 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/219 in a bridge configuration
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/2195 the switches being synchronously commutated at the same frequency of the AC input voltage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

An energy harvesting device includes: a rectifier circuit rectifying an AC supply voltage received between first and second input terminals thereof to generate a DC rectified voltage between first and second output terminals thereof; a converter circuit performing DC-to-DC conversion upon the DC rectified voltage based on a control signal to generate a DC output voltage; and a control circuit comparing a first to-be-compared voltage (correlated to the DC rectified voltage) and a second to-be-compared voltage (correlated to a difference voltage between one of the first and second input terminals of the rectifier circuit and one of the first and second output terminals of the rectifier circuit) to generate the control signal.

Claims

1. An energy harvesting device for harvesting energy from an energy source that outputs an alternating current (AC) supply voltage, said energy harvesting device comprising:

a rectifier circuit having a first input terminal and a second input terminal that are used to be coupled to the energy source for cooperatively receiving the AC supply voltage therefrom, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, said rectifier circuit rectifying the AC supply voltage to generate a direct current (DC) rectified voltage between said first and second output terminals thereof;

a converter circuit coupled to said first and second output terminals of said rectifier circuit for receiving the DC rectified voltage therefrom, used to be coupled further to a load, and for further receiving a control signal, said converter circuit performing DC-to-DC conversion upon the DC rectified voltage based on the control signal to generate a DC output voltage for receipt by the load; and

a control circuit coupled to said rectifier circuit and said converter circuit, for receiving the DC rectified voltage between said first and second output terminals of said rectifier circuit, and for receiving a difference voltage between one of said first and second input terminals of said rectifier circuit and one of said first and second output terminals of said rectifier circuit;

said control circuit generating a first to-be-compared voltage correlated to the DC rectified voltage, generating a second to-be-compared voltage correlated to the difference voltage, and comparing the first and second to-be-compared voltages to generate the control signal for receipt by said converter circuit;

said control circuit generating the control signal in such a way that said converter circuit stores energy from said rectifier circuit during a time period where the first to-be-compared voltage is higher than the second to-be-compared voltage, and that said converter circuit releases energy stored therein to the load during at least a portion of a time period where the first to-be-compared voltage is lower than the second to-be-compared voltage.

2. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein said control circuit includes:

a voltage divider coupled to said first and second output terminals of said rectifier circuit for receiving the DC rectified voltage therefrom, and dividing the DC rectified voltage to generate a divided voltage;

a first buffer coupled to said voltage divider for receiving the divided voltage therefrom, and buffering the divided voltage to generate the first to-be-compared voltage;

a second buffer coupled to said one of said first and second input terminals of said rectifier circuit and said one of said first and second output terminals of said rectifier circuit for receiving the difference voltage therefrom, and buffering the difference voltage to generate a buffered voltage;

a variable gain amplifier coupled to said second buffer for receiving the buffered voltage therefrom, for further receiving a control voltage, and amplifying the buffered voltage by a gain variable according to the control voltage to generate the second to-be-compared voltage; and

a comparator coupled to said first buffer and said variable gain amplifier for receiving the first and second to-be-compared voltages respectively therefrom, coupled further to said converter circuit, and comparing the first and second to-be-compared voltages to generate the control signal for receipt by said converter circuit.

3. The energy harvesting device of claim 2, wherein said control circuit further includes a bias generator that is coupled to said first buffer, and that generates a bias voltage for biasing said first buffer such that the first to-be-compared voltage has a DC component substantially equal to that of the second to-be-compared voltage.

4. The energy harvesting device of claim 2, wherein said first buffer includes:

a first transistor having a first terminal that is for receiving a supply voltage, a second terminal that is coupled to said comparator, and a control terminal that is for receiving a first bias voltage; and

a second transistor coupled between said second terminal of said first transistor and said second output terminal of said rectifier circuit, and having a control terminal that is coupled to said voltage divider for receiving the divided voltage therefrom;

the first to-be-compared voltage being provided at said second terminal of said first transistor.

5. The energy harvesting device of claim 4, wherein said second buffer includes:

a third transistor having a first terminal that is for receiving the supply voltage, a second terminal, and a control terminal that is for receiving a second bias voltage;

a fourth transistor having a first terminal that is for receiving the supply voltage, and a second terminal;

a fifth transistor coupled between said second terminal of said third transistor and said second output terminal of said rectifier circuit; and

a sixth transistor coupled between said second terminal of said fourth transistor and said second output terminal of said rectifier circuit;

the buffered voltage being provided between said second terminals of said third and fourth transistors.

6. The energy harvesting device of claim 5, wherein said fourth transistor further has a control terminal for receiving an offset calibration voltage.

7. The energy harvesting device of claim 6, wherein said variable gain amplifier has a non-inverting input terminal that is coupled to said second terminal of said third transistor, an inverting input terminal that is coupled to said second terminal of said fourth transistor and that cooperates with said non-inverting input terminal thereof to receive the buffered voltage, and an output terminal that is coupled to said comparator and that provides the second to-be-compared voltage.

8. The energy harvesting device of claim 7, wherein:

said fifth transistor has a control terminal coupled to said second output terminal of said rectifier circuit;

said sixth transistor has a control terminal coupled to said one of said first and second input terminals of said rectifier circuit;

said control terminals of said fifth and sixth transistors cooperatively receive the difference voltage between said second output terminal of said rectifier circuit and said one of said first and second input terminals of said rectifier circuit.

9. The energy harvesting device of claim 7, wherein:

said fifth transistor has a control terminal coupled to said one of said first and second input terminals of said rectifier circuit;

said sixth transistor has a control terminal coupled to said first output terminal of said rectifier circuit;

said control terminals of said fifth and sixth transistors cooperatively receive the difference voltage between said one of said first and second input terminals of said rectifier circuit and said first output terminal of said rectifier circuit.

10. The energy harvesting device of claim 7, wherein said variable gain amplifier includes:

a seventh transistor having a first terminal that is for receiving the supply voltage, a second terminal, and a control terminal that is coupled to said second terminal thereof;

an eighth transistor having a first terminal that is for receiving the supply voltage, a second terminal that is coupled to said output terminal of said variable gain amplifier, and a control terminal that is coupled to said second terminal of said seventh transistor;

a ninth transistor having a first terminal that is coupled to said second terminal of said seventh transistor, a second terminal, and a control terminal that is coupled to said non-inverting input terminal of said variable gain amplifier;

a tenth transistor having a first terminal that is coupled to said second terminal of said eighth transistor, a second terminal, and a control terminal that is coupled to said inverting input terminal of said variable gain amplifier;

an eleventh transistor coupled between said second terminal of said ninth transistor and said second output terminal of said rectifier circuit, and having a control terminal that is for receiving a third bias voltage;

a twelfth transistor coupled between said second terminal of said tenth transistor and said second output terminal of said rectifier circuit, and having a control terminal that is for receiving the third bias voltage; and

a thirteenth transistor coupled between said second terminals of said ninth and tenth transistors, and having a control terminal that is for receiving the control voltage.

11. The energy harvesting device of claim 10, wherein said control circuit further includes a bias generator including:

a fourteenth transistor having a first terminal that is for receiving the supply voltage, a second terminal, and a control terminal;

a fifteenth transistor coupled between said second terminal of said fourteenth transistor and said second output terminal of said rectifier circuit, and having a control terminal that is coupled to said second output terminal of said rectifier circuit;

a sixteenth transistor having a first terminal that is for receiving the supply voltage, a second terminal, and a control terminal that is for receiving the second bias voltage;

a seventeenth transistor coupled between said second terminal of said sixteenth transistor and said second output terminal of said rectifier circuit, and having a control terminal that is coupled to said second output terminal of said rectifier circuit;

an eighteenth transistor having a first terminal that is for receiving the supply voltage, a second terminal, and a control terminal that is coupled to said second terminal thereof;

a nineteenth transistor having a first terminal that is coupled to said second terminal of said eighteenth transistor, a second terminal, and a control terminal that is coupled to said second terminal of said sixteenth transistor;

a twentieth transistor coupled between said second terminal of said nineteenth transistor and said second output terminal of said rectifier circuit, and having a control terminal that is for receiving the third bias voltage; and

an amplifier having a non-inverting input terminal that is coupled to said second terminal of said fourteenth transistor, an inverting input terminal that is coupled to said second terminal of said eighteenth transistor, and an output terminal that is coupled to said control terminal of said fourteenth transistor and said control terminal of said first transistor and that provides the first bias voltage.

12. An energy harvesting device for harvesting energy from an energy source that outputs an alternating current (AC) supply voltage, said energy harvesting device comprising:

a rectifier circuit having a first input terminal and a second input terminal that are used to be coupled to the energy source for cooperatively receiving the AC supply voltage therefrom, a first output terminal and a second output terminal, said rectifier circuit rectifying the AC supply voltage to generate a direct current (DC) rectified voltage between said first and second output terminals thereof;

a converter circuit coupled to said first and second output terminals of said rectifier circuit for receiving the DC rectified voltage therefrom, used to be coupled further to a load, and for further receiving a control signal, said converter circuit performing DC-to-DC conversion upon the DC rectified voltage based on the control signal to generate a DC output voltage for receipt by the load; and

a control circuit coupled to said rectifier circuit and said converter circuit, for receiving the DC rectified voltage between said first and second output terminals of said rectifier circuit, and for receiving a difference voltage between one of said first and second input terminals of said rectifier circuit and one of said first and second output terminals of said rectifier circuit;

said control circuit generating a first to-be-compared voltage correlated to the DC rectified voltage, generating a second to-be-compared voltage correlated to the difference voltage, and comparing the first and second to-be-compared voltages to generate the control signal for receipt by said converter circuit;

said control circuit including;

a voltage divider coupled to said first and second output terminals of said rectifier circuit for receiving the DC rectified voltage therefrom, and dividing the DC rectified voltage to generate a divided voltage,

a first buffer coupled to said voltage divider for receiving the divided voltage therefrom, and buffering the divided voltage to generate the first to-be-compared voltage,

a second buffer coupled to said one of said first and second input terminals of said rectifier circuit and said one of said first and second output terminals of said rectifier circuit for receiving the difference voltage therefrom, and buffering the difference voltage to generate a buffered voltage,

a variable gain amplifier coupled to said second buffer for receiving the buffered voltage therefrom, for further receiving a control voltage, and amplifying the buffered voltage by a gain variable according to the control voltage to generate the second to-be-compared voltage, and

a comparator coupled to said first buffer and said variable gain amplifier for receiving the first and second to-be-compared voltages respectively therefrom, coupled further to said converter circuit, and comparing the first and second to-be-compared voltages to generate the control signal for receipt by said converter circuit.