Power converter with capacitive energy transfer and fast dynamic response

• US 10,541,611 B2
• Filed: 09/28/2018
• Issued: 01/21/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 05/08/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Giuliano, David M., Perreault, David J., Pilawa-Podgurski, Robert C. N.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pham, Emily P
• Application Number:
  US16/146,028
• Publication Number:
  US 20190044443A1
• Time in Patent Office: 480 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/007 Plural converter units in cascade push-pull DC/DC converters with pre-regulator H02M3/3374; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC stage including a high frequency transformer H02M7/4807; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC conversion stage generating periodically varying voltages H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/07 using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode , e.g. charge pumps
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/155 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A converter circuit and related technique for providing high power density power conversion includes a reconfigurable switched capacitor transformation stage coupled to a magnetic converter (or regulation) stage. The circuits and techniques achieve high performance over a wide input voltage range or a wide output voltage range. The converter can be used, for example, to power logic devices in portable battery operated devices.

Claims

1. A voltage regulator configured to receive a first voltage signal at an input thereof and generate a second voltage signal at an output thereof with the second voltage signal based, at least in part, on the first voltage signal, the voltage regulator comprising:

a switched magnetic stage comprising;

an input terminal corresponding to the input of the voltage regulator, the switched magnetic stage input terminal configured to receive the first voltage signal;

a magnetic storage element; and

an output terminal;

the switched magnetic stage configured to provide a first output voltage signal at the output terminal based, at least in part, on the first voltage signal received at the input terminal; and

a switched capacitor converter comprising;

at least one input terminal; and

an output terminal, wherein the switched capacitor converter is configured to receive, at the at least one input terminal, an input voltage signal for a portion of a time period, and to provide a second output voltage signal at the switched capacitor converter output terminal based, at least in part, on the received input voltage signal,

wherein the second voltage signal is based, at least in part, on the first output voltage signal and the second output voltage signal.

2. The voltage regulator of claim 1 wherein the switched magnetic stage further comprises:

a plurality of switches; and

a plurality of magnetic energy storage components.

3. The voltage regulator of claim 1 wherein the magnetic storage element of the switched magnetic stage is configured to recover energy normally dissipated in capacitors of the switched capacitor transformation stage.

4. A power converter circuit comprising:

a reconfigurable switched capacitor transformation stage having a transformation stage input port and a transformation stage output port and comprising one or more capacitive storage elements, the reconfigurable switched capacitor transformation stage configured to accept an input voltage at the transformation stage input port and provide an intermediate voltage at the transformation stage output port; and

a regulation stage having a regulation stage input port and a regulation stage output port and comprising a plurality of switches and one or more magnetic storage elements, the regulation stage configured to accept the intermediate voltage provided by the reconfigurable switched capacitor transformation stage and configured to provide an output voltage at the regulation stage output port and wherein the plurality of switches in the regulation stage operate at a switching frequency which is different than a switching frequency of the plurality of switches in the reconfigurable switched capacitor transformation stage.

5. The power converter circuit of claim 4 wherein:

the plurality of switches in the regulation stage operate at a switching frequency which is higher than the switching frequency of the plurality of switches in the reconfigurable switched capacitor transformation stage.

6. An integrated circuit comprising:

a reconfigurable switched capacitor transformation stage having a transformation stage input port and a transformation stage output port and comprising a plurality of integrated switches and interconnections to one or more storage elements, the reconfigurable switched capacitor transformation stage configured to accept an input voltage at the transformation stage input port and provide an intermediate output voltage at the transformation stage output port; and

a regulation stage having a regulation stage input port and a regulation stage output port and comprising a plurality of integrated switches implemented as base transistors of a CMOS process and interconnections to one or more storage elements, the regulation stage configured to accept the intermediate output voltage provided by the reconfigurable switched capacitor transformation stage and configured to provide an output voltage at the regulation stage output port.

7. The integrated circuit of claim 6 wherein the plurality of integrated switches in the reconfigurable switched capacitor transformation stage and the regulation stage are provided in a single CMOS process.

8. The integrated circuit of claim 7 wherein:

the regulation stage is provided as a switched magnetic regulation stage comprising;

an input terminal corresponding to an input of a voltage regulator, the switched magnetic stage input terminal configured to receive a first voltage signal;

a magnetic storage element; and

an output terminal; and

the switched magnetic regulation stage is configured to provide a first output voltage signal at the output terminal based, at least in part, on the first voltage signal received at the switched magnetic stage input terminal.

9. The integrated circuit of claim 8 wherein:

the reconfigurable switched capacitor transformation stage is provided as a switched capacitor converter comprising;

at least one input terminal; and

an output terminal, wherein the switched capacitor converter is configured to receive, at the at least one input terminal, an input voltage signal for a portion of a time period, and to provide a second output voltage signal at the switched capacitor converter output terminal based, at least in part, on the received input voltage signal,

wherein the second voltage signal is based, at least in part, on the first output voltage signal and the second output voltage signal.

10. The integrated circuit of claim 9 wherein the switched magnetic regulation stage further comprises:

a plurality of switches; and

a plurality of magnetic energy storage components.

11. The integrated circuit of claim 9 wherein the magnetic storage element of the switched magnetic regulation stage is configured to recover energy normally dissipated in capacitors of the reconfigurable switched capacitor transformation stage.