Electrochemical detection method
First Claim
1. An electrochemical test method comprising:
- (i) carrying out an electrochemical first step using an electrochemical apparatus controlled by a computer, wherein the first step involves applying an alternating potential or alternative current to a working electrode in a first physical environment over a plurality of concentrations for a target species and at a plurality of applied frequencies of applied current or applied voltage, and monitoring, respectively, the response of the electrode in terms of, respectively, the output alternating current or output alternating potential, andusing a relationship between the applied alternating potential or alternating current and, respectively, the output alternating current or output alternating potential, calculating using a computer program a plurality of immittance functions and/or components thereof for each of the concentrations of the target species in the first physical environment and at each applied frequency of applied current or applied voltage, anddetermining, using the computer program, a quantitative relationship between each immittance function/component thereof and the concentration of a target species in a carrier medium at each applied frequency of applied current or applied voltage, the plurality of immittance functions forming a library of immittance functions, and the plurality of immittance functions being at least two of a complex impedance function, a complex admittance function, a complex modulus function, a complex dielectric constant transfer function and a complex conductance transfer function;
(ii) selecting from the library of immittance function, using a computer program, an immittance function or component thereof and a frequency of applied current or applied voltage for use in a subsequent electrochemical test, the selecting comprising;
comparing using a computer program how each immittance function or component thereof vary with a change in the concentration of a target species in a carrier medium for a first physical environment at each applied frequency of applied current or applied voltage and selecting using a computer program the immittance function or component thereof and the frequency of applied current or applied voltage, that together have the highest extent of variation with the change in concentration or the immittance function or component thereof and the frequency of applied current or applied voltage, that together have the highest correlation with the change in concentration;
(iii) carrying out a second electrochemical step using an electrochemical apparatus controlled by a computer, the second step involving;
applying an alternating potential or alternating current toa working electrode at a frequency selected in step (ii) in a second physical environment containing the target species, and monitoring, respectively, the response of the electrode in terms of, respectively, the output alternating current or output alternating potential, and, using a relationship value between the applied alternating potential or alternating current and, respectively, the output alternating current or output alternating potential, to calculate, using a computer program, a value for the selected immittance function or component thereof for the second physical environment, andusing the qualitative relationship between the selected immittance function and component thereof determined in the first electrochemical step, calculating using a computer program, the concentration of the target species in the second physical environment, wherein the first physical environment provides a suitable system for calibrating the concentration of a target species in a carrier medium for the second physical environment; and
wherein the carrier medium of the second physical environment comprises a biological fluid sample.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Electrochemical detection method and related aspects Herein is disclosed an electrochemical test method comprising (i) comparing how a plurality of immittance functions and/or components thereof vary with a change in a parameter of interest for a first system, and then selecting an immittance function or component thereof for use in an electrochemical test; (ii) carrying out an electrochemical test step for a second system to determine at least one value for the immittance function or component thereof selected in step (i), and then, by using a quantitative relationship between the selected immittance function and the parameter of interest, determining a value in the parameter of interest. A computer program and apparatus are also disclosed herein.
9 Citations
8 Claims
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1. An electrochemical test method comprising:
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(i) carrying out an electrochemical first step using an electrochemical apparatus controlled by a computer, wherein the first step involves applying an alternating potential or alternative current to a working electrode in a first physical environment over a plurality of concentrations for a target species and at a plurality of applied frequencies of applied current or applied voltage, and monitoring, respectively, the response of the electrode in terms of, respectively, the output alternating current or output alternating potential, and using a relationship between the applied alternating potential or alternating current and, respectively, the output alternating current or output alternating potential, calculating using a computer program a plurality of immittance functions and/or components thereof for each of the concentrations of the target species in the first physical environment and at each applied frequency of applied current or applied voltage, and determining, using the computer program, a quantitative relationship between each immittance function/component thereof and the concentration of a target species in a carrier medium at each applied frequency of applied current or applied voltage, the plurality of immittance functions forming a library of immittance functions, and the plurality of immittance functions being at least two of a complex impedance function, a complex admittance function, a complex modulus function, a complex dielectric constant transfer function and a complex conductance transfer function; (ii) selecting from the library of immittance function, using a computer program, an immittance function or component thereof and a frequency of applied current or applied voltage for use in a subsequent electrochemical test, the selecting comprising; comparing using a computer program how each immittance function or component thereof vary with a change in the concentration of a target species in a carrier medium for a first physical environment at each applied frequency of applied current or applied voltage and selecting using a computer program the immittance function or component thereof and the frequency of applied current or applied voltage, that together have the highest extent of variation with the change in concentration or the immittance function or component thereof and the frequency of applied current or applied voltage, that together have the highest correlation with the change in concentration; (iii) carrying out a second electrochemical step using an electrochemical apparatus controlled by a computer, the second step involving; applying an alternating potential or alternating current to a working electrode at a frequency selected in step (ii) in a second physical environment containing the target species, and monitoring, respectively, the response of the electrode in terms of, respectively, the output alternating current or output alternating potential, and, using a relationship value between the applied alternating potential or alternating current and, respectively, the output alternating current or output alternating potential, to calculate, using a computer program, a value for the selected immittance function or component thereof for the second physical environment, and using the qualitative relationship between the selected immittance function and component thereof determined in the first electrochemical step, calculating using a computer program, the concentration of the target species in the second physical environment, wherein the first physical environment provides a suitable system for calibrating the concentration of a target species in a carrier medium for the second physical environment; and wherein the carrier medium of the second physical environment comprises a biological fluid sample. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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Specification