Hydrocarbon gas processing

• US 10,551,118 B2
• Filed: 10/24/2016
• Issued: 02/04/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 08/26/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: UOP Llc (Honeywell International Inc.), SME Products LP
• Original Assignee: Ortloff Enigneers, Ltd.
• Inventors: Hudson, Hank M., Wilkinson, John D., Lynch, Joe T., Miller, Scott A., Cuellar, Kyle T., Johnke, Andrew F., Lewis, W. Larry
• Primary Examiner(s): Alosh, Tareq
• Application Number:
  US15/332,706
• Publication Number:
  US 20180058755A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,198 Days
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/02 in a single pressure main column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/04 in a dual pressure main column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/30 using a side column in a single pressure column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/74 Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/80 using integrated mass and heat exchange, i.e. non-adiabatic rectification in a reflux exchanger or dephlegmator
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2205/04 in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2230/08 Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2230/32 Compression of the product stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2235/60 the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2240/02 Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/02 Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/88 Quasi-closed internal refrigeration or heat pump cycle, if not otherwise provided
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2270/90 External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2280/02 Control in general, load changes, different modes ("runs"), measurements
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2290/40 Vertical layout or arrangement of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, condensers, heat exchangers etc.
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2290/80 Retrofitting, revamping or debottlenecking of existing plant
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0209 Natural gas or substitute natural gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0214 Liquefied natural gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0233 separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0238 separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0242 : separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0257 : separation of nitrogen from air F25J3/04, production of nitrogen in general C01B21/00
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0295 : Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used, e.g. sieve plates, packings

Abstract

A process and an apparatus are disclosed for a compact processing assembly to improve the recovery of C₂ (or C₃) and heavier hydrocarbon components from a hydrocarbon gas stream. The preferred method of separating a hydrocarbon gas stream generally includes producing at least a substantially condensed first stream and a cooled second stream, expanding both streams to lower pressure, and supplying the streams to a fractionation tower. In the process and apparatus disclosed, the tower overhead vapor is directed to an absorbing means and a heat and mass transfer means inside a processing assembly. A portion of the outlet vapor from the processing assembly is compressed to higher pressure, cooled and substantially condensed in a heat exchange means inside the processing assembly, then expanded to lower pressure and supplied to the heat and mass transfer means to provide cooling. Condensed liquid from the absorbing means is fed to the tower.

Claims

1. In a process for the separation of a gas stream containing methane, C₂ components, C₃ components, and heavier hydrocarbon components into a volatile residue gas fraction and a relatively less volatile fraction containing a major portion of said C₂ components, C₃ components, and heavier hydrocarbon components or said C₃ components and heavier hydrocarbon components, in which process

(a) said gas stream is treated in one or more heat exchange steps and at least one division step to produce at least a first stream that has been cooled under pressure to condense at least a majority of said first stream, and at least a second stream that has been cooled under pressure;

(b) said condensed first stream is expanded to a lower pressure whereby said condensed first stream is further cooled, and thereafter supplied at a top feed position on a distillation column that produces at least an overhead vapor stream and a bottom liquid stream;

(c) said cooled second stream is expanded to said lower pressure, and thereafter supplied to said distillation column at a mid-column feed position; and

(d) at least said expanded further cooled first stream and said expanded second stream are fractionated in said distillation column at said lower pressure whereby the components of said relatively less volatile fraction are recovered in said bottom liquid stream and said volatile residue gas fraction is discharged as said overhead vapor stream;

the improvement wherein

(1) said overhead vapor stream is directed to an absorbing means housed in a processing assembly to be contacted with a condensed stream and thereby condense said overhead vapor stream'"'"'s less volatile components to form a partially rectified vapor stream;

(2) said partially rectified vapor stream is collected from an upper region of said absorbing means and directed to a heat and mass transfer means housed in said processing assembly, whereby said partially rectified vapor stream is cooled while simultaneously condensing said partially rectified vapor stream'"'"'s less volatile components, thereby forming a further rectified vapor stream and said condensed stream, whereupon said condensed stream is directed to said absorbing means;

(3) said further rectified vapor stream is directed to a heat exchange means housed in said processing assembly and heated, thereafter discharging said heated further rectified vapor stream from said processing assembly as an outlet vapor stream;

(4) said outlet vapor stream is divided into a first portion and a second portion;

(5) said first portion is compressed to higher pressure to form a compressed stream;

(6) said compressed stream is directed to said heat exchange means and cooled to condense at least a majority of said compressed stream, thereby to supply at least a portion of the heating of step (3) and form another condensed stream;

(7) said another condensed stream is expanded to said lower pressure, whereby said another condensed stream is further cooled to form a flash expanded stream;

(8) said flash expanded stream is heated in said heat and mass transfer means, thereby to supply at least a portion of the cooling of step (2) and form a heated flash expanded stream;

(9) said heated flash expanded stream is combined with said second portion to form said volatile residue gas fraction;

(10) said expanded further cooled first stream is directed to said heat exchange means and heated, thereby to supply at least a portion of the cooling of step (6) and form a heated expanded first stream;

(11) a distillation liquid stream is collected from a lower region of said absorbing means and combined with said heated expanded first stream to form a combined feed stream, whereupon said combined feed stream is directed to said top feed position on said distillation column;

(12) at least said combined feed stream and said expanded second stream are fractionated in said distillation column at said lower pressure whereby the components of said relatively less volatile fraction are recovered in said bottom liquid stream; and

(13) the quantities and temperatures of said feed streams to said distillation column are effective to maintain the overhead temperature of said distillation column at a temperature whereby the major portions of the components in said relatively less volatile fraction are recovered in said bottom liquid stream.

2. The process according to claim 1 wherein

(1) said gas stream is cooled under pressure in said one or more heat exchange steps sufficiently to partially condense said gas stream;

(2) said partially condensed gas stream is separated thereby to provide a vapor stream and at least one liquid stream;

(3) said vapor stream is divided in said at least one division step to produce at least said first stream and said second stream;

(4) said first stream is cooled under pressure in said one or more heat exchange steps to condense at least a majority of said first stream and thereby form said condensed first stream;

(5) at least a portion of said at least one liquid stream is expanded to said lower pressure, whereupon said expanded liquid stream is supplied to said distillation column at a lower mid-column feed position below said mid-column feed position; and

(6) at least said combined feed stream, said expanded second stream, and said expanded liquid stream are fractionated in said distillation column at said lower pressure whereby the components of said relatively less volatile fraction are recovered in said bottom liquid stream.

3. The process according to claim 2 wherein

(1) said vapor stream is divided in said at least one division step to produce at least a first vapor stream and said second stream;

(2) said first vapor stream is combined with at least a portion of said at least one liquid stream to form said first stream; and

(3) any remaining portion of said at least one liquid stream is expanded to said lower pressure, whereupon said expanded liquid stream is supplied to said distillation column at said lower mid-column feed position.

4. The process according to claim 1, 2, or 3 wherein

(1) said heated flash expanded stream is combined with said overhead vapor stream to form a combined vapor stream;

(2) said combined vapor stream is directed to said absorbing means to be contacted with said condensed stream and thereby form said partially rectified stream; and

(3) said second portion is discharged as said volatile residue gas fraction.

5. The process according to claim 4 wherein

(1) said heated flash expanded stream is directed to a separating means housed in said processing assembly and separated therein into a vapor fraction and a liquid fraction;

(2) said vapor fraction is combined with said overhead vapor stream to form said combined vapor stream;

(3) said liquid fraction is combined with said distillation liquid stream to form a combined liquid stream; and

(4) said combined liquid stream is combined with said heated expanded first stream to form said combined feed stream.

6. The process according to claim 4 wherein

(1) said overhead vapor stream is divided into said first portion and said second portion;

(2) said second portion is combined with said heated flash expanded stream to form said combined vapor stream; and

(3) said outlet vapor stream is discharged as said volatile residue gas fraction.

7. The process according to claim 5 wherein

(1) said overhead vapor stream is divided into said first portion and said second portion;

(2) said second portion is combined with said vapor fraction to form said combined vapor stream; and

(3) said outlet vapor stream is discharged as said volatile residue gas fraction.

8. The process according to claim 1, 2, or 3 wherein said distillation liquid stream is pumped to higher pressure using a pumping means.

9. The process according to claim 4 wherein said distillation liquid stream is pumped to higher pressure using a pumping means.

10. The process according to claim 5 wherein said combined liquid stream is pumped to higher pressure using a pumping means.

11. The process according to claim 6 wherein said distillation liquid stream is pumped to higher pressure using a pumping means.

12. The process according to claim 7 wherein said combined liquid stream is pumped to higher pressure using a pumping means.

13. The process according to claim 8 wherein said pumping means is housed in said processing assembly.

14. The process according to claim 9 wherein said pumping means is housed in said processing assembly.

15. The process according to claim 10 wherein said pumping means is housed in said processing assembly.

16. The process according to claim 11 wherein said pumping means is housed in said processing assembly.

17. The process according to claim 12 wherein said pumping means is housed in said processing assembly.

18. In an apparatus for the separation of a gas stream containing methane, C₂ components, C₃ components, and heavier hydrocarbon components into a volatile residue gas fraction and a relatively less volatile fraction containing a major portion of said C₂ components, C₃ components, and heavier hydrocarbon components or said C₃ components and heavier hydrocarbon components, in said apparatus there being

(a) one or more heat exchange means and at least one dividing means to produce at least a first stream that has been cooled under pressure to condense at least a majority of said first stream, and at least a second stream that has been cooled under pressure;

(b) a first expansion means connected to receive said condensed first stream under pressure and expand said condensed first stream under pressure to a lower pressure, whereby said first stream is further cooled;

(c) a distillation column connected to said first expansion means to receive said expanded further cooled first stream at a top feed position, with said distillation column producing at least an overhead vapor stream and a bottom liquid stream;

(d) a second expansion means connected to receive said cooled second stream under pressure and expand said cooled second stream to said lower pressure;

(e) said distillation column further connected to said second expansion means to receive said expanded second stream at a mid-column feed position; and

(f) said distillation column adapted to fractionate at least said expanded further cooled first stream and said expanded second stream at said lower pressure whereby the components of said relatively less volatile fraction are recovered in said bottom liquid stream and said volatile residue gas fraction is discharged as said overhead vapor stream;

the improvement wherein said apparatus includes

(1) an absorbing means housed in a processing assembly and connected to said distillation column to receive said overhead vapor stream and contact said overhead vapor stream with a condensed stream, thereby condensing said overhead vapor stream'"'"'s less volatile components and forming a partially rectified vapor stream;

(2) a heat and mass transfer means housed in said processing assembly and connected to said absorbing means to receive said partially rectified vapor stream from an upper region of said absorbing means, whereby said partially rectified vapor stream is cooled while simultaneously condensing said partially rectified vapor stream'"'"'s less volatile components, thereby forming a further rectified vapor stream and said condensed stream, said heat and mass transfer means being further connected to said absorbing means to direct said condensed stream to said absorbing means;

(3) another heat exchange means housed in said processing assembly and connected to said heat and mass transfer means to receive said further rectified vapor stream and heat said further rectified vapor stream, thereafter discharging said heated further rectified vapor stream from said processing assembly as an outlet vapor stream;

(4) a second dividing means connected to said processing assembly to receive said outlet vapor stream and divide said outlet vapor stream into a first portion and a second portion;

(5) a compressing means connected to said second dividing means to receive said first portion and compress said first portion to higher pressure, thereby forming a compressed stream;

(6) said another heat exchange means further connected to said compressing means to receive said compressed stream and cool said compressed stream to condense at least a majority of said compressed stream, thereby to supply at least a portion of the heating of step (3) and forming another condensed stream;

(7) a third expansion means connected to said another heat exchange means to receive said another condensed stream and expand said another condensed stream to said lower pressure, thereby forming a flash expanded stream;

(8) said heat and mass transfer means further connected to said third expansion means to receive said flash expanded stream and heat said flash expanded stream, thereby to supply the cooling of step (2) and forming a heated flash expanded stream;

(9) a first combining means connected to said heat and mass transfer means and to said second dividing means to receive said heated flash expanded stream and said second portion and form said volatile residue gas fraction;

(10) said another heat exchange means further connected to said first expansion means to receive said expanded further cooled first stream and heat said expanded further cooled first stream, thereby to supply at least a portion of the cooling of step (6) and forming a heated expanded first stream;

(11) a second combining means connected to said absorbing means and to said another heat exchange means to receive a distillation liquid stream from a lower region of said absorbing means and said heated expanded first stream and form a combined feed stream, said second combining means being further connected to said distillation column to supply said combined feed stream at said top feed position of said distillation column;

(12) said distillation column being adapted to fractionate at least said combined feed stream and said expanded second stream at said lower pressure whereby the components of said relatively less volatile fraction are recovered in said bottom liquid stream; and

wherein quantities and temperatures of said feed streams to said distillation column are controlled to maintain the overhead temperature of said distillation column at a temperature whereby the major portions of the components in said relatively less volatile fraction are recovered in said bottom liquid stream.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18 wherein

(1) said one or more heat exchange means is adapted to cool said gas stream under pressure sufficiently to partially condense said gas stream under pressure;

(2) a feed separating means is connected to said one or more heat exchange means to receive said partially condensed gas stream and separate said partially condensed gas stream into a vapor stream and at least one liquid stream;

(3) said at least one dividing means is connected to said feed separating means and adapted to receive said vapor stream and divide said vapor stream into at least said first stream and said second stream;

(4) said one or more heat exchange means is connected to said at least one dividing means and adapted to receive said first stream and cool said first stream sufficiently to condense at least a majority of said first stream, thereby forming said condensed first stream;

(5) said second expansion means is connected to said at least one dividing means and adapted to receive said second stream and expand said second stream to said lower pressure, thereby forming said expanded second stream;

(6) a fourth expansion means is connected to said feed separating means to receive at least a portion of said at least one liquid stream and expand said at least one liquid stream to said lower pressure, said fourth expansion means being further connected to said distillation column to supply said expanded liquid stream to said distillation column at a lower mid-column feed position below said mid-column feed position; and

(7) said distillation column is adapted to fractionate at least said combined feed stream, said expanded second stream, and said expanded liquid stream at said lower pressure whereby the components of said relatively less volatile fraction are recovered in said bottom liquid stream.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19 wherein

(1) said at least one dividing means is adapted to divide said vapor stream into at least a first vapor stream and said second stream;

(2) a vapor-liquid combining means is connected to said at least one dividing means and to said feed separating means to receive said first vapor stream and at least a portion of said at least one liquid stream and form said first stream;

(3) said one or more heat exchange means is connected to said vapor-liquid combining means and adapted to receive said first stream and cool said first stream sufficiently to condense at least a majority of said first stream, thereby forming said condensed first stream; and

(4) said fourth expansion means is adapted to receive any remaining portion of said at least one liquid stream and expand said at least one liquid stream to said lower pressure, whereupon said expanded liquid stream is supplied to said distillation column at said lower mid-column feed position.

21. The apparatus according to claim 18, 19, or 20 wherein

(1) said first combining means is adapted to be connected to said heat and mass transfer means and to said distillation column to receive said heated flash expanded stream and said overhead vapor stream and form a combined vapor stream;

(2) said first combining means is further connected to said absorbing means to direct said combined vapor stream to said absorbing means, said absorbing means being adapted to contact said combined vapor stream with said condensed stream, thereby forming said partially rectified vapor stream; and

(3) said second dividing means is adapted to discharge said second portion as said volatile residue gas fraction.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21 wherein

(1) a separating means is housed in said processing assembly and connected to receive said heated flash expanded stream and separate said heated flash expanded stream therein into a vapor fraction and a liquid fraction;

(2) said first combining means is adapted to be connected to said separating means and to said distillation column to receive said vapor fraction and said overhead vapor stream and form said combined vapor stream;

(3) a third combining means is connected to said absorbing means and to said separating means to receive said distillation liquid stream from said lower region of said absorbing means and said liquid fraction and form a combined liquid stream; and

(4) said second combining means is adapted to be connected to said third combining means and to said second heat exchange means to receive said combined liquid stream and said heated expanded first stream and form said combined feed stream.

23. The apparatus according to claim 21 wherein

(1) said second dividing means is adapted to be connected to said distillation column to receive said overhead vapor stream and divide said overhead vapor stream into said first portion and said second portion;

(2) said first combining means is adapted to be connected to said heat and mass transfer means and to said second dividing means to receive said heated flash expanded stream and said second portion, thereby forming said combined vapor stream; and

(3) said processing assembly is adapted to discharge said outlet vapor as said volatile residue gas fraction.

24. The apparatus according to claim 22 wherein

(1) said second dividing means is adapted to be connected to said distillation column to receive said overhead vapor stream and divide said overhead vapor stream into said first portion and said second portion;

(2) said first combining means is adapted to be connected to said separating means and to said second dividing means to receive said vapor fraction and said second portion, thereby forming said combined vapor stream; and

(3) said processing assembly is adapted to discharge said outlet vapor as said volatile residue gas fraction.

25. The apparatus according to claim 18, 19, or 20 wherein

(1) a pumping means is connected to said absorbing means to receive said distillation liquid stream from said lower region of said absorbing means and pump said distillation liquid stream to higher pressure, thereby forming a pumped distillation liquid stream;

and

(2) said second combining means is adapted to be connected to said pumping means and to said second heat exchange means to receive said pumped distillation liquid stream and said heated expanded first stream and form said combined feed stream.

26. The apparatus according to claim 21 wherein

(1) a pumping means is connected to said absorbing means to receive said distillation liquid stream from said lower region of said absorbing means and pump said distillation liquid stream from said lower region of said absorbing means to higher pressure, thereby forming a pumped distillation liquid stream;

and

(2) said second combining means is adapted to be connected to said pumping means and to said second heat exchange means to receive said pumped distillation liquid stream and said heated expanded first stream and form said combined feed stream.

27. The apparatus according to claim 22 wherein

(1) a pumping means is connected to said third combining means to receive said combined liquid stream and pump said combined liquid stream to higher pressure, thereby forming a pumped combined liquid stream;

and

(2) said second combining means is adapted to be connected to said pumping means and to said second heat exchange means to receive said pumped combined liquid stream and said heated expanded first stream and form said combined feed stream.

28. The apparatus according to claim 23 wherein

(1) a pumping means is connected to said absorbing means to receive said distillation liquid stream from said lower region of said absorbing means and pump said distillation liquid stream to higher pressure, thereby forming a pumped distillation liquid stream;

and

(2) said second combining means is adapted to be connected to said pumping means and to said second heat exchange means to receive said pumped distillation liquid stream and said heated expanded first stream and form said combined feed stream.

29. The apparatus according to claim 24 wherein

(1) a pumping means is connected to said third combining means to receive said combined liquid stream and pump said combined liquid stream to higher pressure, thereby forming a pumped combined liquid stream;

and

(2) said second combining means is adapted to be connected to said pumping means and to said second heat exchange means to receive said pumped combined liquid stream and said heated expanded first stream and form said combined feed stream.

30. The apparatus according to claim 25 wherein said pumping means is housed in said processing assembly.

31. The apparatus according to claim 26 wherein said pumping means is housed in said processing assembly.

32. The apparatus according to claim 27 wherein said pumping means is housed in said processing assembly.

33. The apparatus according to claim 28 wherein said pumping means is housed in said processing assembly.

34. The apparatus according to claim 29 wherein said pumping means is housed in said processing assembly.