Methods for depositing nickel films and for making nickel silicide and nickel germanide
First Claim
1. A method for forming a doped nickel silicide layer on a substrate, comprising:
- providing a substrate having at least one exposed silicon region;
depositing a nickel film over the silicon region, wherein depositing the nickel film comprises multiple cycles of a primary nickel deposition process in which the substrate is alternately and sequentially contacted with vapor phase pulses of a nickel precursor and a second reactant comprising an organic reducing agent;
depositing a dopant film comprising a second metal over the silicon region, wherein depositing the dopant film comprises one or more cycles of a dopant deposition process; and
annealing the substrate to form a nickel silicide that is doped with the second metal, wherein the cycles of the primary nickel deposition process and the cycles of the dopant deposition process are carried out at a specific ratio to achieve a desired dopant concentration in the doped metal silicide layer.
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Abstract
In one aspect, methods of silicidation and germanidation are provided. In some embodiments, methods for forming metal silicide can include forming a non-oxide interface, such as germanium or solid antimony, over exposed silicon regions of a substrate. Metal oxide is formed over the interface layer. Annealing and reducing causes metal from the metal oxide to react with the underlying silicon and form metal silicide. Additionally, metal germanide can be formed by reduction of metal oxide over germanium, whether or not any underlying silicon is also silicided. In other embodiments, nickel is deposited directly and an interface layer is not used. In another aspect, methods of depositing nickel thin films by vapor phase deposition processes are provided. In some embodiments, nickel thin films are deposited by ALD. Nickel thin films can be used directly in silicidation and germanidation processes.
319 Citations
11 Claims
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1. A method for forming a doped nickel silicide layer on a substrate, comprising:
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providing a substrate having at least one exposed silicon region; depositing a nickel film over the silicon region, wherein depositing the nickel film comprises multiple cycles of a primary nickel deposition process in which the substrate is alternately and sequentially contacted with vapor phase pulses of a nickel precursor and a second reactant comprising an organic reducing agent; depositing a dopant film comprising a second metal over the silicon region, wherein depositing the dopant film comprises one or more cycles of a dopant deposition process; and annealing the substrate to form a nickel silicide that is doped with the second metal, wherein the cycles of the primary nickel deposition process and the cycles of the dopant deposition process are carried out at a specific ratio to achieve a desired dopant concentration in the doped metal silicide layer. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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Specification