Method for synchronizing an active load modulation clock within a transponder, and corresponding transponder

• US 10,560,255 B2
• Filed: 07/06/2018
• Issued: 02/11/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 07/12/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Stmicroelectronics France (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Original Assignee: STMicroelectronics SA (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Inventors: Stiglic, Maksimiljan, Suhadolnik, Nejc, Houdebine, Marc
• Primary Examiner(s): Tayong, Helene E
• Application Number:
  US16/029,457
• Publication Number:
  US 20190020467A1
• Time in Patent Office: 585 Days
• Field of Search: 375376
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: H03C 3/0925 applying frequency modulation at the divider in the feedback loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03C 3/095 applying frequency modulation to the loop in front of the voltage controlled oscillator
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 2207/50 All digital phase-locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0991 the oscillator being a digital oscillator, e.g. composed of a fixed oscillator followed by a variable frequency divider H03L7/0995 takes precedence; fixed oscillators with means for selecting among various phases H03L7/0814
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/72 for local intradevice communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/77 for interrogation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/0331 with a digital phase-locked loop [PLL] processing binary samples, e.g. add/subtract logic for correction of receiver clock H04L7/0337 takes precedence

Abstract

A transponder communicates with a reader using active load modulation. The transponder includes a digital phase locked loop (DPLL), which, in operation, generates an active load modulation (ALM) carrier clock synchronized to carrier clock of the reader. Between transmission of data frames, the DPLL is placed in a lock mode of operation in which a feedback loop of the DPLL is closed. Within a transmitted data frame having a duration, the DPLL is placed, for the duration of the transmitted data frame, in a hold mode of operation in which the feedback loop is opened. A phase of the ALM carrier clock is adjusted at least once during the duration of the transmitted data frame.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

generating an active load modulation (ALM) carrier clock of a transponder synchronized to a carrier clock of a reader using a digital phase locked loop (DPLL), the DPLL having a frequency which is a multiple N of a frequency of the carrier clock of the reader, where N is an integer value; and

transmitting data frames from the transponder to the reader using the ALM carrier clock, the generating the ALM carrier clock including;

between transmission of data frames, placing said DPLL in a lock mode of operation in which a feedback loop is closed; and

within a transmitted data frame having a duration,

placing, for the duration of the transmitted data frame, said DPLL in a hold mode of operation in which the feedback loop is opened; and

adjusting a phase of said ALM carrier clock at least one time during the duration of the transmitted data frame.

2. The method according to claim 1, comprising adjusting the phase of said ALM carrier clock several times within each transmitted data frame.

3. The method according to claim 1, comprising:

generating, using a digitally controlled oscillator having an oscillator frequency which is the multiple N times the frequency of the carrier clock of the reader, an oscillator signal; and

dividing, using a divider, the oscillator signal by the multiple N.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein adjusting the phase of the ALM carrier clock comprises controlling a parameter of the divider.

5. The method according to claim 4 wherein said divider comprises a counter performing said division by the multiple N and outputting said ALM carrier clock, and controlling the parameter of said divider comprises resetting the counter to a determined value based on a previous phase shift between the carrier clock of the reader and the ALM carrier clock of the DPLL in lock mode.

6. The method according to claim 5, comprising adjusting a frequency of the digitally controlled oscillator based on a difference between the determined value and an actual value of the counter when the counter is reset to said determined value.

7. The method according to claim 3, wherein said divider comprises a counter performing said division by the multiple N and configured to deliver a plurality of output signals having different phases, and adjusting the phase of said ALM carrier clock comprises selecting an output signal of the plurality of output signals having a phase which is closest to a previous phase shift between the carrier clock of the reader and the ALM carrier clock of the DPLL in lock mode.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the DPLL comprises a digitally controlled oscillator and the method includes adjusting a frequency of said digitally controlled oscillator based on an adjustment to the phase of said ALM carrier clock.

9. A device, comprising:

a digital phase locked loop (DPLL), which, in operation, generates an active load modulation (ALM) carrier clock synchronized to a carrier clock of a reader, the DPLL having a frequency which is a multiple N of a frequency of the carrier clock of the reader, where N is an integer value; and

transmission circuitry, which, in operation, transmits data frames to the reader using the ALM carrier clock, wherein the generating the ALM carrier clock includes;

between transmission of data frames, placing said DPLL in a lock mode of operation in which a feedback loop of the DPLL is closed; and

within a transmitted data frame having a duration,

placing, for the duration of the transmitted data frame, said DPLL in a hold mode of operation in which the feedback loop is opened; and

adjusting a phase of said ALM carrier clock at least once during the duration of the transmitted data frame.

10. The device of claim 9 wherein adjusting the phase of said ALM carrier clock at least once during the duration comprises adjusting the ALM carrier clock a plurality of times within each transmitted data frame.

11. The device of claim 9 wherein the DPLL comprises:

a digitally controlled oscillator having an oscillator frequency which is the multiple N times the frequency of the carrier clock of the reader, wherein the digitally controlled oscillator, in operation, generates an oscillator signal; and

a divider, which, in operation, divides the oscillator signal by the multiple N.

12. The device of claim 11 wherein adjusting the phase of the ALM carrier clock comprises controlling a parameter of the divider.

13. The device of claim 12 wherein said divider comprises a counter, which, in operation, performs said division by the multiple N and outputs said ALM carrier clock, and controlling the parameter of said divider comprises resetting the counter to a determined value based on a previous phase shift between the carrier clock of the reader and the ALM carrier clock of the DPLL in lock mode.

14. The device claim 13 wherein the DPLL, in operation, adjusts a frequency of the digitally controlled oscillator based on a difference between the determined value and an actual value of the counter when the counter is reset to said determined value.

15. The device of claim 11 wherein said divider comprises a counter, which, in operation, performs said division by the multiple N and generates a plurality of output signals having different phases, and adjusting the phase of said ALM carrier clock comprises selecting an output signal of the plurality of output signals having a phase which is closest to a previous phase shift between the carrier clock of the reader and the ALM carrier clock of the DPLL in lock mode.

16. The device of claim 9 wherein the DPLL comprises a digitally controlled oscillator and the DPLL, in operation, adjusts a frequency of said digitally controlled oscillator based on an adjustment to the phase of said ALM carrier clock.

17. The device of claim 9 wherein the transmission circuitry, in operation, transmits near field communication protocol signals.

18. A system, comprising:

a tag reader, which, in operation, transmits a reader carrier clock; and

a tag including;

a digital phase locked loop (DPLL), which, in operation, generates an active load modulation (ALM) carrier clock synchronized to the reader carrier clock, the DPLL having a frequency which is a multiple N of a frequency of the carrier clock of the reader, where N is an integer value; and

transmission circuitry, which, in operation, transmits data frames to the reader using the ALM carrier clock, wherein the generating the ALM carrier clock includes;

between transmission of data frames, placing said DPLL in a lock mode of operation in which a feedback loop of the DPLL is closed; and

within a transmitted data frame having a duration,

placing, for the duration of the transmitted data frame, said DPLL in a hold mode of operation in which the feedback loop is opened; and

adjusting a phase of said ALM carrier clock at least once during the duration of the transmitted data frame.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein the DPLL comprises:

a digitally controlled oscillator having an oscillator frequency which is the multiple N times the frequency of the carrier clock of the reader, wherein the digitally controlled oscillator, in operation, generates an oscillator signal; and

a divider, which, in operation, divides the oscillator signal by the multiple N.

20. The system of claim 18 wherein the transmission circuitry, in operation, transmits near field communication protocol signals to the reader.