Dynamic layer selection in additive manufacturing using sensor feedback

• US 10,569,522 B2
• Filed: 09/09/2016
• Issued: 02/25/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 09/09/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Formalloy Technologies, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Formalloy, LLC
• Inventors: Riemann, Jeffrey L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bell, William P
• Assistant Examiner(s): Swanson, Andrew L
• Application Number:
  US15/261,404
• Publication Number:
  US 20180072000A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,264 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/25 Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/31 Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/322 of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/37 of powder bed aspects, e.g. density
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/50 Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/85 for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/22 Driving means
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/53 Nozzles
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/90 Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/106 using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/118 using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/386 Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/393 for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 30/00 Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 50/02 for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/25 Process efficiency

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to methods and systems for improving layer selection in additive manufacturing. In particular, the present disclosure relates to methods and systems for improving layer selection in additive manufacturing using sensor feedback. In some examples, the sensor may be a distance sensor, and design layers may be selected dynamically based on determined part layer heights after layer deposition.

Claims

1. An additive manufacturing method, comprising:

receiving process code at an additive manufacturing apparatus defining a plurality of design layers of a part model, wherein;

a thickness of each respective design layer of the plurality of design layers is less than an expected thickness of a deposited material layer from the additive manufacturing apparatus, and

the plurality of design layers comprise all design layers of the part model;

obtaining, from a sensor, a calibration measurement, the calibration measurement indicating a distance from the sensor to a build surface of the additive manufacturing apparatus;

selecting a current design layer from a plurality of design layers of the part model;

depositing, from a deposition element of the additive manufacturing apparatus, a first material layer of a part corresponding to the current design layer of the part model, wherein the first material layer is thicker than the thickness of the current design layer;

obtaining, from the sensor, a plurality of material layer measurements, each of the material layer measurements indicating a distance from the sensor to the first material layer;

determining, based on the plurality of material layer measurements and the calibration measurement, a height metric, wherein the height metric is a median height of the first material layer relative to the build surface;

selecting a new design layer from the plurality of design layers of the part model based on the height metric;

determining a maximum width of the new design layer; and

depositing, from the deposition element of the additive manufacturing apparatus, a second material layer of the part corresponding to the selected new design layer of the part model and having a width at least equal to the determined maximum width of the new design layer.

2. The additive manufacturing method of claim 1, further comprising:

modifying the process code to include a plurality of layer flags, each layer flag being configured to uniquely identify a respective design layer of the plurality of design layers of the part model.

3. The additive manufacturing method of claim 2, further comprising:

determining that no more design layers need to be deposited; and

finishing the part by removing material from the part using a tool of the additive manufacturing apparatus.

4. The additive manufacturing method of claim 3, further comprising:

identifying, based on at least one material layer measurement of the plurality of material layer measurements, a portion of the first material layer that requires correction.

5. The additive manufacturing method of claim 4, further comprising:

removing material from the portion of the first material layer that requires correction using the tool of the additive manufacturing apparatus.

6. The additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the sensor is a laser distance sensor.

7. The additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein:

the additive manufacturing apparatus is a Powder Fed Directed Energy Deposition apparatus, and

the deposition element comprises a deposition nozzle or a feedstock guide.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein there is at least one intervening design layer in the part model between the selected new design layer and the current design layer.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness of each respective design layer of the plurality of design layers is less than 20% of the expected thickness of the deposited material layer from an additive manufacturing apparatus.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein:

a first group of parallel material layers comprises the first material layer, and

the method further comprises;

defining a virtual height reference plane that intersects a build surface plane;

depositing, from the deposition element of the additive manufacturing apparatus, a second material layer of the part corresponding to the selected new design layer of the part model and parallel to the virtual height reference;

obtaining, from the sensor, a second plurality of material layer measurements, each of the second material layer measurements indicating a distance from the sensor to the second material layer; and

determining, based on the second plurality of material layer measurements, a second height metric, wherein the second height metric is a median height of the second material layer relative to the virtual height reference.

11. An additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising:

a user interface;

a deposition element;

a directed energy source;

a material feed;

a process motion system;

a build surface motion system comprising a build surface;

a distance sensor;

a tool configured to remove material from a part being manufactured;

a memory comprising a plurality of design layers representing a part to be additively manufactured; and

a control system, wherein the control system is configured to execute program code and cause the additive manufacturing apparatus to;

receive process code at an additive manufacturing apparatus defining a plurality of design layers of a part model, wherein;

a thickness of each respective design layer of the plurality of design layers is less than an expected thickness of a deposited material layer from the additive manufacturing apparatus, and

the plurality of design layers comprise all design layers of the part model;

obtain, from the distance sensor, a calibration measurement, the calibration measurement indicating a distance from the distance sensor to the build surface of the additive manufacturing apparatus;

select a current design layer from the plurality of design layers of a part model;

deposit, from the deposition element, a first material layer of a part corresponding to the current design layer of the part model, wherein the first material layer is thicker than the thickness of the current design layer;

obtain, from the distance sensor, a plurality of material layer measurements, each of the material layer measurements indicating a distance from the distance sensor to the material layer;

determine, based on the plurality of material layer measurements and the calibration measurement, a height metric, wherein the height metric is a median height of the first material layer relative to the build surface; and

select a new design layer from the plurality of design layers of the part model based on the height metric;

determine a maximum width of the new design layer; and

deposit, from the deposition element of the additive manufacturing apparatus, a second material layer of the part corresponding to the selected new design layer of the part model and having a width at least equal to the determined maximum width of the new design layer.

12. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the control system is further configured to cause the additive manufacturing apparatus to:

modify the process code to include a plurality of layer flags, each layer flag being configured to uniquely identify a respective design layer of the plurality of design layers of the part model.

13. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 12, wherein the control system is further configured to cause the additive manufacturing apparatus to:

determine that no more design layers need to be deposited; and

finish the part by removing material from the part using the tool.

14. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the control system is further configured to cause the additive manufacturing apparatus to:

identify, based on at least one material layer measurement of the plurality of material layer measurements, a portion of the first material layer that requires correction.

15. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the control system is further configured to cause the additive manufacturing apparatus to:

remove material from the portion of the material layer that requires correction using the tool.

16. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 11, wherein additive manufacturing apparatus is a Powder Fed Directed Energy Deposition apparatus.

17. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the distance sensor is a laser distance sensor.