Methods and systems for controlling current source rectifiers

• US 10,574,136 B2
• Filed: 04/17/2018
• Issued: 02/25/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 04/17/2018
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ABB Schweiz AG (ABB Limited)
• Original Assignee: ABB Schweiz AG (ABB Limited)
• Inventors: Giuntini, Lorenzo
• Primary Examiner(s): Rosario-Benitez, Gustavo A
• Application Number:
  US15/955,077
• Publication Number:
  US 20190319546A1
• Time in Patent Office: 679 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/061 for DC powered loads
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/126 using passive filters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/4216 operating from a three-phase input voltage H02M1/4233 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/219 in a bridge configuration
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

Current source rectifiers (CSR) and methods for a power source including three phase lines are provided herein. The CSR includes a rectifier having a plurality of switches, each switch of the plurality of switches coupled to an associated phase line of the three phase lines. The rectifier operable to receive an alternating current (AC) input voltage and provide a direct current (DC) output voltage. The CSR also includes a controller configured to control operation of the switches in accordance with a first switching sequence when measured input voltages on at least two phase lines of the three phase lines are outside of a predetermined voltage range, and control operation of the switches in accordance with a second switching sequence when the measured input voltages on the at least two phase lines are within the predetermined voltage range.

Claims

1. A current source rectifier (CSR) system for a power source including three phase lines, said CSR system comprising:

a rectifier operable to receive an alternating current (AC) input voltage and provide a direct current (DC) output voltage, the rectifier comprising;

a first phase leg comprising first and second series-coupled switches coupled between a positive line and a negative line, wherein first and second diodes correspond with the first and second switches, and wherein a first node coupled to a first phase line of the three phase lines is directly connected between the first switch and a cathode end of the second diode;

a second phase leg comprising third and fourth series-coupled switches coupled between the positive line and the negative line, wherein third and fourth diodes correspond and with the third and fourth switches, and wherein a second node coupled to a second phase line of the three phase lines is directly connected between the third switch and a cathode end of the fourth diode; and

a third phase leg comprising fifth and sixth series-coupled switches coupled between the positive line and the negative line, wherein fifth and sixth diodes correspond with the fifth and sixth switches, and wherein a third node coupled to a third phase line of the three phase lines is directly connected between the fifth switch and a cathode end of the sixth diode; and

a controller communicatively coupled to said rectifier and operable to;

define a predetermined voltage range in a memory of the controller by hysteresis,

control operation of said switches in accordance with a first switching sequence when measured input voltages on at least two phase lines of the three phase lines are outside of the predetermined voltage range, and

control operation of said switches in accordance with a second switching sequence when the measured input voltages on the at least two phase lines are within the predetermined voltage range,

wherein said controller is configured to;

lock one switch from one of the first, second, and third phase legs in an ON position for the duration of the switching sequence used to control operation of the switches; and

commutate one switch from each of the two remaining phase legs.

2. The CSR system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first switching sequence is a switching sequence configured to improve efficiency of said CSR system when the measured input voltages are outside the predetermined voltage range, and the second switching sequence is a switching sequence configured to reduce current distortion caused when the measured input voltages are within the predetermined voltage range.

3. The CSR system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said controller is further configured to:

receive the measured input voltages from at least one sensor coupled to the three phase lines;

determine whether the measured input voltages fall within the predetermined voltage range; and

select which of the first and second switching sequences to apply to said plurality of switches based on the determination.

4. The CSR system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the measured input voltages are associated with a sector of a plurality of predefined sectors in a space vector diagram, and wherein said controller is further configured to:

determine which sector the measured input voltages fall within; and

determine which of the switches to commutate based on the determined sector.

5. The CSR system in accordance with claim 1, wherein to control operation of said switches in accordance with the first and second switching sequences, said controller is further configured to generate and transmit control signals to selectively turn each respective switch ON and OFF.

6. The CSR system in accordance with claim 5, wherein to generate the control signals, said controller is configured to use space vector modulation (SVM).

7. The CSR system in accordance with claim 1, wherein to apply the first switching sequence, said controller is configured to:

at least partially superimpose input voltages generated by the two commutated switches;

determine which of the two commutated switches has a lower line-line voltage based on the measured input voltages; and

perform all switching actions during the first switching sequence based on the determined lower line-line voltage to facilitate operating said CSR system at a higher efficiency.

8. The CSR system in accordance with claim 1, wherein to apply the second switching sequence, said controller is configured to:

generate symmetric switching pulses for the two commutated switches including a freewheeling state following each of the symmetric switching pulses; and

decouple the two commutated switches during the freewheeling state to improve a quality of the input power.

9. The CSR system in accordance with claim 8, wherein decoupling the two commutated switches during the freewheeling state reduces current distortion near intersections of two phases of the input voltage.

10. The CSR system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said controller is configured to:

control operation of said plurality of switches in accordance with the first switching sequence to improve efficiency of said CSR system by reducing switching losses; and

control operation of said plurality of switches in accordance with the second switching sequence as the measured input voltages converge towards an intersection point to reduce current distortion and improve quality of the power signals.

11. A method of controlling a current source rectifier (CSR) that includes a controller and a rectifier having a plurality of switches, each switch of the plurality of switches coupled to an associated phase line of three phase lines of a power source, said method comprising:

receiving, by the rectifier, three-phase alternating-current (AC) voltages from the power source;

controlling, by the controller, operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with a first switching sequence when measured input voltages on at least two phase lines of the three phase lines are outside of a predetermined voltage range; and

controlling, by the controller, operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with one of a plurality of second switching sequences configured to reduce current distortion when the measured input voltages on the at least two phase lines are within the predetermined voltage range

wherein controlling operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with at least one of the first switching sequence and the plurality of second switching sequences comprises;

locking one switch from one of first, second, and third phase legs of the CSR in an ON position; and

commutating one switch from each of the two remaining phase legs while the locked switch remains in the ON position for the duration of the switching sequence used to control operation of the plurality of switches, wherein the commutated switches are switched at different times.

12. The method in accordance with claim 11, wherein the first switching sequence is a switching sequence configured to improve efficiency of the CSR when the measured input voltages are outside the predetermined voltage range.

13. The method in accordance with claim 11, further comprising:

receiving the measured input voltages from at least one sensor coupled to the three phase lines;

determining whether the measured input voltages fall within the predetermined voltage range; and

selecting which of the first switching sequence and one of the plurality of second switching sequences to apply to the plurality of switches based on the determination.

14. The method in accordance with claim 11, wherein controlling operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with the first switching sequence or one of the plurality of second switching sequences comprises generating and transmitting space vector modulation (SVM) control signals to selectively turn each respective switch ON and OFF.

15. The method in accordance with claim 11, wherein to apply the first switching sequence, said method comprises:

at least partially superimposing input voltages generated by the two commutated switches;

determining which of the two commutated switches has a lower line-line voltage based on the measured input voltages; and

performing all switching actions during the first switching sequence based on the determined lower line-line voltage to facilitate operating said CSR system at a higher efficiency.

16. The method in accordance with claim 11, wherein to apply the one of the plurality of second switching sequences, said method comprises:

generating symmetric switching pulses for the two commutated switches including a freewheeling state following each of the symmetric switching pulses; and

decoupling the two commutated switches during the freewheeling state to improve a quality of the input power.

17. The method in accordance with claim 11, further comprising:

controlling operation of said plurality of switches in accordance with the first switching sequence to improve efficiency of said CSR system by reducing switching losses; and

controlling operation of said plurality of switches in accordance with the one of the plurality of second switching sequences as the measured input voltages converge towards an intersection point to reduce current distortion and improve quality of the power signals.