Colinear light source with active optical waveguide coupling

• US 10,585,351 B1
• Filed: 06/05/2018
• Issued: 03/10/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 06/05/2018
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: META Platforms Technologies LLC (Meta Platforms, Inc. (f/k/a Facebook, Inc.))
• Original Assignee: Facebook Technologies, LLC (Meta Platforms, Inc. (f/k/a Facebook, Inc.))
• Inventors: Valentine, Gareth John, Bonar, James Ronald
• Primary Examiner(s): Rahll, Jerry
• Application Number:
  US16/000,253
• Time in Patent Office: 644 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2027/0125 Field-of-view increase by wavefront division
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0172 characterised by optical features
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/13 Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/2821 using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/30 for use between fibre and thin-film device
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/34 utilising prism or grating G02B6/293 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/335 having an optical waveguide structure
• CPC Class Codes: G03F 7/001 Phase modulating patterns, e.g. refractive index patterns

Abstract

A light source includes a first, second, and third active optical waveguide emitting first, second, and third light, respectively. The first, second, and third active optical waveguides are coupled together to mix the first, second, and third light into a colinear illumination light.

Claims

1. A colinear light source comprising:

a first active optical waveguide formed in a first semiconductor material configured to emit a first light spectrum; and

a second active optical waveguide formed in a second semiconductor material configured to emit a second light spectrum, wherein the second active optical waveguide is configured to receive the first light spectrum from the first active optical waveguide at an entrance facet of the second active optical waveguide, and wherein an exit facet of the second active optical waveguide emits colinear light that includes the first light spectrum and the second light spectrum, the first semiconductor material being different from the second semiconductor material.

2. The colinear light source of claim 1 further comprising:

a first dichroic filter disposed between the first active optical waveguide and the second active optical waveguide, wherein the first dichroic filter is configured to reflect the second light spectrum and pass the first light spectrum from the first active optical waveguide to the second active optical waveguide.

3. The colinear light source of claim 2 further comprising:

a third active optical waveguide configured to emit a third light spectrum; and

a second dichroic filter disposed between the second active optical waveguide and the third active optical waveguide, wherein the second dichroic filter is configured to reflect the third light spectrum and pass the first light spectrum and the second light spectrum from the second active optical waveguide to the third active optical waveguide.

4. The colinear light source of claim 3, wherein the first light spectrum, the second light spectrum, and the third light spectrum exit through an exit facet of the third active optical waveguide, the exit facet disposed on an opposite end of the third active optical waveguide from the second dichroic filter.

5. The colinear light source of claim 3 further comprising:

a first driver circuit to independently modulate a first brightness of the first light spectrum from the first active optical waveguide;

a second driver circuit to independently modulate a second brightness of the second light spectrum from the second active optical waveguide; and

a third driver circuit to independently modulate a third brightness of the third light spectrum from the third active optical waveguide, wherein the first, second, and third driver circuit facilitate a single multicolor programmable colinear light to be emitted from the exit facet of the third active optical waveguide.

6. The colinear light source of claim 3, wherein a first wavelength of the first light spectrum has a first photon energy below a bandgap of the second semiconductor material of the second active optical waveguide and below a bandgap of a third semiconductor material of the third active optical waveguide, and wherein a second wavelength of the second light spectrum has a second photon energy below the bandgap of the third semiconductor material.

7. The colinear light source of claim 3, wherein an index matching material is disposed between the first active optical waveguide and the second active optical waveguide to optically couple the first active optical waveguide and the second active optical waveguide, and wherein the index matching material is also disposed between the second active optical waveguide and the third active optical waveguide to optically couple the second active optical waveguide to the third active optical waveguide.

8. The colinear light source of claim 3, wherein the first light spectrum is red light, the second light spectrum is green light, and the third light spectrum is blue light.

9. The colinear light source of claim 3, wherein the first active optical waveguide includes a highly reflective coating disposed on an opposing facet on an opposite end of the first active optical waveguide as a first exit facet of the first active optical waveguide.

10. A colinear light source comprising:

a first active optical waveguide configured to emit a first light spectrum;

a second active optical waveguide configured to emit a second light spectrum;

a third active optical waveguide configured to emit a third light spectrum; and

a combining waveguide configured to receive the first, second, and third light spectrum and direct the first, second, and third light spectrum to one exit facet as colinear light, wherein at least a portion of the combining waveguide is formed in a semiconductor material of the third active optical waveguide.

11. The colinear light source of claim 10, wherein the combining waveguide includes:

a first bending waveguide butt-coupled to the first active optical waveguide, wherein the first bending waveguide is coupled to receive the first light spectrum from the first active optical waveguide; and

a second bending waveguide butt-coupled to the second active optical waveguide, wherein the second bending waveguide is coupled to receive the second light spectrum from the second active optical waveguide, the first bending waveguide and the second bending waveguide configured to direct the first light spectrum and the second light spectrum, respectively, to an exit side of the third active optical waveguide that includes the one exit facet.

12. The colinear light source of claim 11, wherein the first bending waveguide and the second bending waveguide include a ridged waveguide structure.

13. The colinear light source of claim 10, wherein the entire combining waveguide and the one exit facet is formed in the semiconductor material of the third active optical waveguide.

14. The colinear light source of claim 10, wherein an exit portion of the combining waveguide is butt-coupled to the semiconductor material of the third active optical waveguide, and wherein the exit portion of the combining waveguide is formed of a supplemental semiconductor material different from the semiconductor material of the third active optical waveguide, the exit portion of the combining waveguide including the one exit facet that receives the first, second, and third light spectrum to combine into the colinear light.

15. The colinear light source of claim 10, wherein the semiconductor material of the third active optical waveguide that emits the third light spectrum has a bandgap above the photon energies of the first light spectrum and the second light spectrum.

16. The colinear light source of claim 10, wherein the first light spectrum is a red light, the second light spectrum is a green light, and the third light spectrum is a blue light.

17. The colinear light source of claim 10, wherein the first active optical waveguide, the second active optical waveguide, and the third active optical waveguide include at least one of an edge emitting superluminescent light emitting diode (SLED) or a laser diode.

18. A head mounted display (HMD) comprising:

a display configured to generate display light;

a waveguide configured to receive the display light and direct the display light in an eyeward direction to a user of the HMD; and

a light source to illuminate the display with illumination light, wherein the light source includes;

a red diode configured to emit red light in a first waveguide of the red diode;

a green diode configured to emit green light in a second waveguide of the green diode;

a first dichroic filter disposed between the first waveguide and the second waveguide, wherein the first dichroic filter is configured to reflect the green light and pass the red light from the first waveguide to the second waveguide;

a blue diode configured to emit blue light in a third waveguide of the blue diode; and

a second dichroic filter disposed between the second waveguide and the third waveguide, wherein the second dichroic filter is configured to reflect the blue light and pass the red light and the green light from the second waveguide to the third waveguide.

19. The HMD of claim 18, wherein the red light, the green light, and the blue light exit through an exit facet of the blue diode, the exit facet disposed on an opposite end of the third waveguide from the second dichroic filter, wherein the red light, the green light, and the blue light combine into the illumination light that exits the exit facet.

20. The HMD of claim 19 further comprising:

a focusing optic disposed between the light source and the display to focus the illumination light on the display, wherein the focusing optic is configured to receive the illumination light through a central optical axis of the focusing optic.

21. The HMD of claim 20, wherein the display is a 2D scanning MEMS device.