Ambient RF backscatter communication for vehicle remote control

• US 10,587,150 B1
• Filed: 12/12/2018
• Issued: 03/10/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 12/12/2018
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Inventors: Elangovan, Vivekanandh, DeLong, Aaron M., Van Wiemeersch, John R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kim, Ahshik
• Application Number:
  US16/217,343
• Time in Patent Office: 454 Days
• Field of Search: 235451
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2325/105 Radio frequency identification data [RFID]
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 25/241 whereby access privileges are related to the identifiers
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 25/403 Power supply in the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10188 the repeating consisting of intelligently propagating data from record carriers via intermediate stations to the interrogation device, e.g. a distant RFID or RFID falling in a "shadow" region sending its identification data to an interrogation device using at least the help of one further RFID that is positioned in a region "visible" to the interrogation device, the further RFID therefore functioning as a relay station
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10297 arrangements for handling protocols designed for non-contact record carriers such as RFIDs NFCs, e.g. ISO/IEC 14443 and 18092 cryptographic protocols H04L9/00; network security protocols H04L63/00; real-time communication protocols in data switching networks H04L65/00; network protocols for data switching network services H04L67/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/001 Energy harvesting or scavenging
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/20 using microwaves or radio frequency waves

Abstract

A vehicle communicates with a remote key fob while ensuring an RF environment is sufficient to maintain adequate power from an RF-harvesting power supply that allows the fob to operate without a battery. The vehicle has a receiver adapted to detect a backscatter communication signal from the fob. A harvesting emulator in the vehicle is responsive to ambient RF around the vehicle to duplicate a concurrent response of the fob power supply. A vehicle-powered RF transmitter is activated to broadcast energizing RF radiation around the vehicle when the duplicated response is below a threshold.

Claims

1. A communication system for a vehicle comprising:

a wireless fob carried outside the vehicle comprising an RF-harvesting power supply responsive to ambient RF signals, and comprising a switchable antenna generating a backscatter communication signal;

a receiver in the vehicle adapted to detect the backscatter communication signal from the wireless fob;

a harvesting emulator in the vehicle responsive to the ambient RF signals to duplicate a concurrent response present in the RF-harvesting power supply of the wireless fob; and

a vehicle-powered RF transmitter in the vehicle activated to broadcast energizing RF radiation around the vehicle when the duplicated response is below a threshold.

2. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the receiver detects backscatter of the energizing RF radiation to receive the backscatter communication signal.

3. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the receiver detects backscatter of an ambient broadcast signal other than the energizing RF radiation.

4. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the RF transmitter modulates the energizing RF radiation to convey a command signal to the fob.

5. The communication system of claim 4 wherein the command signal identifies a frequency band to be backscattered by the fob.

6. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the receiver is comprised of a transceiver adapted to i) modulate the energizing RF radiation according to an identifying tag, and ii) detect ancillary tags broadcast by other vehicles within respective energizing RF radiation of the other vehicles;

wherein activation of the vehicle-powered RF transmitter further depends on ancillary tags being received.

7. The communication system of claim 6 wherein ancillary tags are adapted to identify a group of cooperating vehicles to which the vehicle belongs, and when a detected tag identifies the group then the vehicle-powered RF transmitter is not activated.

8. The communication system of claim 6 further comprising a moderator adapted to communicate with moderators in the other vehicles to cooperatively assign respective vehicle-powered RF transmitters for broadcasting the energizing RF radiation one at a time.

9. The communication system of claim 8 wherein an assigned transmitter is determined in response to a highest one of respective states of charge of respective storage batteries in the vehicles.

10. The communication system of claim 8 wherein an assigned transmitter is determined by cycling between respective vehicles for predetermined periods of time in order to share a power consumption among the respective vehicles.

11. The communication system of claim 1 wherein activation of the vehicle-powered RF transmitter is prevented when a state of charge of a storage battery in the vehicle is below a power-reserve threshold.

12. A vehicular communication method comprising:

operating a backscatter fob to generate a backscatter communication signal using power harvested from a local RF environment including ambient RF signals, wherein the backscatter fob is a portable device carried outside a vehicle;

emulating the power harvesting of the fob in a vehicle mounted emulator receiving the ambient RF signals to provide a measured power; and

activating a vehicle-powered transmitter to boost the local RF environment when the measured power is below a threshold to increase the power harvested in the fob.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the fob is comprised of a key fob, the method further comprising:

detecting backscatter by the key fob of an RF signal transmitted by the vehicle-powered transmitter to boost the local RF environment; and

demodulating the detected backscatter to recover authentication data and user commands manually selected at the key fob.

14. The method of claim 12 wherein the fob is comprised of a key fob, the method further comprising:

detecting backscatter by the key fob of an ambient RF signal from a remote broadcaster to the local RF environment; and

demodulating the detected backscatter to recover authentication data and user commands manually selected at the key fob.

15. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of activating the vehicle-powered transmitter includes modulating an RF signal transmitted by the vehicle-powered transmitter to boost the local RF environment in order to convey command signals from the transmitter to the fob.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the conveyed command signals identify a frequency band to be backscattered by the fob.

17. The method of claim 12 further comprising:

using RF communication tags within RF signals transmitted by a plurality of vehicle-powered transmitters of respective nearby vehicles in order to track the vehicles; and

coordinating operation of the transmitters of respective vehicles to distribute an energy consumption among the vehicles.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the coordinating step determines a vehicle with a highest state of charge of a respective storage battery that powers a respective transmitter and assigns the determined vehicle to exclusively transmit the RF signal for boosting the local RF environment.

19. The method of claim 17 wherein the coordinating step cyclically assigns respective vehicles for predetermined periods of time in order to share a power consumption among the respective vehicles.

20. A vehicle comprising:

a receiver adapted to detect a backscatter communication signal from a wireless fob powered by an RF-harvesting power supply;

a harvesting emulator responsive to ambient RF around the vehicle to duplicate a concurrent response of the fob power supply; and

a vehicle-powered RF transmitter activated to broadcast energizing RF radiation around the vehicle when the duplicated response is below a threshold;

wherein the harvesting emulator periodically re-samples the ambient RF during activation of the RF transmitter to update the duplicated concurrent response unaffected by the energizing RF radiation.