Evaluating prosthetic heart valve placement

• US 10,588,697 B2
• Filed: 02/06/2018
• Issued: 03/17/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 12/10/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Henry Ford Health System
• Original Assignee: Henry Ford Health System
• Inventors: Wang, Dee Dee, O'Neill, William, Myers, Eric, Forbes, Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): Lu, Tom Y
• Application Number:
  US15/889,719
• Publication Number:
  US 20180161103A1
• Time in Patent Office: 770 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/104 Modelling the effect of the tool, e.g. the effect of an implanted prosthesis or for predicting the effect of ablation or burring
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/105 Modelling of the patient, e.g. for ligaments or bones
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/10 Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/25 User interfaces for surgical systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/24 Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/50 for simulation or modelling of medical disorders

Abstract

A method for evaluating the placement of a prosthetic heart valve in a structure of interest. The method comprises acquiring one or more depictions of an anatomical region of interest that includes the structure of interest, wherein each depiction shows the structure of interest and/or the blood pool volume of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) of the patient'"'"'s heart. The method further comprises designating one or more positions in at least one of the one or more depictions wherein each position corresponds to a respective position in the structure of interest at which the prosthetic valve may be placed. The method still further comprises predicting, for each of the one or more designated positions, an amount of blood flow obstruction through the LVOT of the patient'"'"'s heart that would occur if the prosthetic valve was to be placed at a corresponding position in the structure of interest.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for evaluating the placement of a prosthetic device in a patient'"'"'s body, comprising:

designating one or more positions in at least one of one or more depictions of an anatomical region of interest of the patient'"'"'s body that includes a first anatomical structure of interest in which the prosthetic device is to be placed, wherein each of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest, a blood pool volume of a second anatomical structure of interest, or both, and wherein each designated position corresponds to a respective position in the first structure of interest at which the prosthetic device may be placed; and

for each of the one or more designated positions, predicting an amount of blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a corresponding position in the first structure of interest.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a position at which to place the prosthetic device within the first structure of interest based on the predicted blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest for each of the one or more designated positions.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein for a given designated position, the predicting step comprises:

determining a cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest following the designation of the given position; and

predicting the blood flow obstruction based on the determined cross-sectional surface area.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the designating step comprises importing one or more models of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one of the one or more depictions; and

the predicting step comprises predicting, for each of one or more positions of the one or more imported device models, an amount of blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a corresponding position in the first structure of interest.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the predicting step comprises:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the prosthetic device would intersect the blood pool volume if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position;

determining a cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane; and

predicting the obstruction of the blood flow through the second structure of interest based on the determined cross-sectional area.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

defining a plane that contains the mitral annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the mitral plane”

); and

sectioning the at least one of the one or more depictions along the mitral plane, wherein the sectioning step is performed prior to the step of determining the cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the designating step comprises importing one or more models of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one or more depictions, and further wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, the predicting step comprising:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of one of the one or more imported device models intersects the blood pool volume;

determining a first cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane;

removing the one or more imported device models from the at least one of the one or more depictions;

determining a second cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane; and

predicting the obstruction of the blood flow through the second structure of interest based on the determined first and second cross-sectional areas.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the designating step comprises importing one or more models of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one or more depictions, and further wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, the predicting step comprising:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of one of the one or more imported device models intersects the blood pool volume;

removing the one or more imported device models from the at least one of the one or more depictions;

determining a cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane; and

predicting the obstruction of the blood flow through the second structure of interest based on the determined cross-sectional area.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising defining a plane that contains the mitral annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the mitral plane”

), and wherein the designating step comprises designating the one or more positions relative to the mitral plane.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a change in cardiac output based at least in part on the predicted blood flow obstruction.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the predicting step comprises:

defining a plane that contains a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the prosthetic device would intersect the blood pool volume if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position;

determining a cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the defined plane; and

predicting the obstruction of the blood flow through the second structure of interest based on the determined cross-sectional area.

12. A system for evaluating the placement of a prosthetic device in a patient'"'"'s body, comprising:

an electronic processor; and

an electronic memory device having instructions stored therein,

wherein the processor is configured to access the memory device and execute the instructions stored therein such that it is configured to;

designate one or more positions in at least one of one or more depictions of an anatomical region of interest of the patient'"'"'s body that includes a first anatomical structure of interest in which the prosthetic device is to be placed, wherein each of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest, a blood pool volume of a second anatomical structure of interest, or both, and wherein each position corresponds to a respective position in the first structure of interest at which the prosthetic device may be placed; and

for each of the one or more designated positions, predict an amount of blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a corresponding position in the first structure of interest.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a position at which to place the prosthetic device within the first structure of interest based on the predicted blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest for each of the one or more designated positions.

14. The system of claim 12, wherein for a given designated position, the processor is configured to predict the amount of blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest by:

determining a cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest following the designation of the given position; and

predicting the blood flow obstruction based on the determined cross-sectional surface area.

15. The system of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to:

designate the one or more positions in the at least one of the one or more depictions by importing one or more models of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one or more depictions; and

for each of one or more positions of the one or more imported device models, predict the amount of blood flow obstruction by predicting an amount of blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a corresponding position in the first structure of interest.

16. The system of claim 12, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the processor is configured to predict the amount of blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest by:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the prosthetic device would intersect the blood pool volume if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position;

determining a cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane; and

predicting the obstruction of the blood flow through the second structure of interest based on the determined cross-sectional area.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:

define a plane that contains the mitral annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the mitral plane”

); and

section the at least one of the one or more depictions along the mitral plane, wherein the processor is configured to section the one more depictions prior to determining the cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

18. The system of claim 12, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and further wherein the processor is configured to designate the one or more positions in the at least one of the one or more depictions by importing one or more models of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one or more depictions, the processor being configured to predict the amount of blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest by:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of one of the one or more imported device models intersects the blood pool volume;

determining a first cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane;

removing the one or more imported device models from the at least one of the one or more depictions;

determining a second cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane; and

predicting the obstruction of the blood flow through the second structure of interest based on the first and second determined cross-sectional areas.

19. The system of claim 12, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and further wherein the processor is configured to designate the one or more positions in the at least one of the one or more depictions by importing one or more models of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one or more depictions, the processor being configured to predict the amount of blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest by:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of one of the one or more imported device models intersects the blood pool volume;

removing the one or more imported device models from the at least one of the one or more depictions;

determining a second cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane; and

predicting the obstruction of the blood flow through the second structure of interest based on the first and second determined cross-sectional areas.

20. The system of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to define a plane that contains the mitral annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the mitral valve”

), and to designate the one or more positions relative to the mitral plane.

21. The system of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to determine a change in cardiac output based at least in part on the predicted blood flow obstruction.

22. The system of claim 12, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, the processor being configured to predict the amount of blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest by:

defining a plane that contains a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the prosthetic device would intersect the blood pool volume if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position;

determining a cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the defined plane; and

predicting the obstruction of the blood flow through the second structure of interest based on the determined cross-sectional area.

23. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium storing instruction thereon that when executed by one or more electronic processors causes the one or more electronic processors to carry out the method of:

designating one or more positions in at least one of one or more depictions of an anatomical region of interest of the patient'"'"'s body that includes a first anatomical structure of interest in which the prosthetic device is to be placed, wherein each of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest, a blood pool volume of a second anatomical structure of interest, or both, and further wherein each position corresponds to a respective position in the first structure of interest at which the prosthetic device may be placed; and

for each of the one or more designated positions, predicting an amount of blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a corresponding position in the first structure of interest.

24. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein the method carried out by the one or more electronic processors further includes determining a position at which to place the prosthetic device within the first structure of interest based on the predicted blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest for each of the one or more designated positions.

25. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein for a given designated position, the predicting step comprises:

determining a cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest following the designation of the given position; and

predicting the blood flow obstruction based on the determined cross-sectional surface area.

26. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein:

the designating step comprises importing one or more models of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one of the one or more depictions; and

the predicting step comprises predicting, for each of one or more positions of the one or more models of the prosthetic device, an amount of blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a corresponding position in the first structure of interest.

27. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the predicting step comprises:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the prosthetic device would intersect the blood pool volume if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position;

determining a cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane; and

predicting the obstruction of the blood flow through the second structure of interest based on the determined cross-sectional area.

28. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein the method carried out by the one or more electronic processors further comprises:

defining a plane that contains the mitral annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the mitral plane”

); and

sectioning the at least one of the one or more depictions along the mitral plane, wherein the sectioning step is performed prior to the step of determining the cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

29. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein the designating step comprises importing one or more models of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one or more depictions, and further wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, the predicting step comprising:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of one of the one or more imported device models intersects the blood pool volume;

determining a first cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane;

removing the one or more imported device models from the one or more depictions;

determining a second cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane; and

predicting the obstruction of the blood flow through the second structure of interest based on the determined first and second cross-sectional areas.

30. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein the designating step comprises importing one or more models of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one or more depictions, and further wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, the predicting step comprising:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of one of the one or more imported device models intersects the blood pool volume;

removing the one or more imported device models from the at least one of the one or more depictions;

determining a cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane; and

predicting the obstruction of the blood flow through the second structure of interest based on the determined cross-sectional area.

31. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein the method carried out by the one or more electronic processors further comprises defining a plane that contains the mitral annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the mitral plane”

), and wherein the designating step comprises designating the one or more positions relative to the mitral plane.

32. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein the method carried out by the one or more electronic processors further comprises determining a change in cardiac output based at least in part on the predicted blood flow obstruction.

33. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 23, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the predicting step comprises:

defining a plane that contains a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the prosthetic device would intersect the blood pool volume if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position;

determining a cross-sectional area of the blood pool volume along the defined plane; and

predicting the obstruction of the blood flow through the second structure of interest based on the determined cross-sectional area.

34. A method for use in evaluating the placement of a prosthetic device in a patient'"'"'s body, comprising:

designating a position in at least one of one or more depictions of an anatomical region of interest of the patient'"'"'s body that includes a first anatomical structure of interest in which the prosthetic device is to be placed, wherein each of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest, a blood pool volume of a second anatomical structure of interest, or both, and wherein the designated position corresponds to a position in the first structure of interest at which the device may be placed;

determining for the designated position a cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume of the second anatomical structure of interest; and

evaluating blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position based on the determined cross-sectional surface area.

35. The method of claim 34, further comprising determining a position at which to place the prosthetic device within the first structure of interest based at least in part on the evaluation of blood flow obstruction for the designated position.

36. The method of claim 34, further comprising:

designating one or more other positions in at least one of the one or more depictions of the anatomical region of interest of the patient'"'"'s body, wherein each of the one or more other designated positions corresponds to a respective position in the first structure of interest at which the device may be placed; and

determining for each of the one or more other designated positions a respective cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume of the second anatomical structure of interest; and

for each of the one or more other designated positions, evaluating blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to that designated position based on the determined cross-sectional surface area for that particular designated position.

37. The method of claim 34, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the determining step comprises:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the prosthetic device would intersect the blood pool volume if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position; and

determining the cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

38. The method of claim 34, wherein the designating step comprises importing a model of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one or more depictions, and further wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the determining step comprises:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the imported device model intersects the blood pool volume; and

determining the cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the determined cross-sectional surface area is a first cross-sectional surface area, and further wherein:

the determining step further comprises;

removing the imported device model from the at least one of the one or more depictions; and

determining a second cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane; and

the evaluating step comprises;

evaluating blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a corresponding position in the first structure of interest based on one or both of the first and second cross-sectional surface areas.

40. The method of claim 34, wherein the designating step comprises importing a model of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one or more depictions, and further wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the determining step comprises:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the imported device model intersects the blood pool volume;

removing the imported device model from the at least one of the one or more depictions; and

determining the cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

41. The method of claim 34, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the determining step comprises:

defining a plane that contains a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the prosthetic device would intersect the blood pool volume if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position; and

determining the cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the defined plane.

42. A system for evaluating the placement of a prosthetic device in a patient'"'"'s body, comprising:

an electronic processor; and

an electronic memory device having instructions stored therein,

wherein the processor is configured to access the memory device and execute the instructions stored therein such that it is configured to;

designate a position in at least one of one or more depictions of an anatomical region of interest of the patient'"'"'s body that includes a first anatomical structure of interest in which the prosthetic device is to be placed, wherein each of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest, a blood pool volume of a second anatomical structure of interest, or both, and wherein the designated position corresponds to a position in the first structure of interest at which the device may be placed; and

for the designated position, determine a cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume of the second anatomical structure of interest for use in evaluating blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a corresponding position in the first structure of interest.

43. The system of claim 42, wherein the processor is further configured to evaluate blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position based on the determined cross-sectional surface area.

44. The system of claim 43, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a position at which to place the prosthetic device within the first structure of interest based at least in part on the evaluation of blood flow obstruction for the designated position.

45. The system of claim 42, wherein the processor is further configured to:

designate one or more other positions in at least one of the one or more depictions of the anatomical region of interest of the patient'"'"'s body, wherein each of the one or more other designated positions corresponds to a respective position in the first structure of interest at which the device may be placed; and

determine for each of the one or more other designated positions a respective cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume of the second anatomical structure of interest for use in evaluating blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a corresponding position in the first structure of interest.

46. The system of claim 45, wherein the processor is further configured to evaluate, for each of the one or more other designated positions, blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to that designated position based on the determined cross-sectional surface area for that particular designated position.

47. The system of claim 42, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the processor is configured to determine the cross-sectional surface area by:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the prosthetic device would intersect the blood pool volume if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position; and

determining the cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

48. The system of claim 42, wherein the processor is configured to designate the position by importing a model of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one or more depictions, and further wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, the processor being configured to determine the cross-sectional surface area by:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the imported device model intersects the blood pool volume; and

determining the cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

49. The system of claim 48, wherein the determined cross-sectional surface area is a first cross-sectional surface area, and further wherein the processor is further configured to:

remove the imported device model from the at least one of the one or more depictions; and

determine a second cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

50. The system of claim 49, wherein the processor is further configured to evaluate blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a corresponding position in the first structure of interest based on one or both of the first and second cross-sectional surface areas.

51. The system of claim 42, wherein the processor is configured to designate the position by importing a model of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one or more depictions, and further wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, the processor being configured to determine the cross-sectional surface area by:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the imported device model intersects the blood pool volume;

removing the imported device model from the at least one of the one or more depictions; and

determining the cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

52. The system of claim 42, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the processor is configured to determine the cross-sectional surface area by:

defining a plane that contains a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the prosthetic device would intersect the blood pool volume if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position; and

determining the cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the defined plane.

53. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium storing instructions thereon that when executed by one or more electronic processors causes the one or more electronic processors to carry out the method of:

designating a position in at least one of one or more depictions of an anatomical region of interest of the patient'"'"'s body that includes a first anatomical structure of interest in which the prosthetic device is to be placed, wherein each of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest, a blood pool volume of a second anatomical structure of interest, or both, and wherein the designated position corresponds to a position in the first structure of interest at which the device may be placed; and

for the designated position, determining a cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume of the second anatomical structure of interest for use in evaluating blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a corresponding position in the first structure of interest.

54. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 53, wherein the method carried out by the one or more processors further comprises evaluating blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position based on the determined cross-sectional surface area.

55. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 53, wherein the method carried out by the one or more processors further comprises determining a position at which to place the prosthetic device within the first structure of interest based at least in part on the evaluation of blood flow obstruction for the designated position.

56. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 53, wherein the method carried out by the one or more processors further comprises:

designating one or more other positions in at least one of the one or more depictions of the anatomical region of interest of the patient'"'"'s body, wherein each of the one or more other designated positions corresponds to a respective position in the first structure of interest at which the device may be placed; and

determining for each of the one or more other designated positions a respective cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume of the second anatomical structure of interest for use in evaluating blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a corresponding position in the first structure of interest.

57. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 56, wherein the method carried out by the one or more processors further comprises evaluating, for each of the one or more other designated positions, blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to that designated position based on the determine cross-sectional surface area for that particular designated position.

58. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 53, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the determining step comprises:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the prosthetic device would intersect the blood pool volume if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position; and

determining the cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

59. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 53, wherein the designating step comprises importing a model of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one or more depictions, and further wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the determining step comprises:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the imported device model intersects the blood pool volume; and

determining the cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

60. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 59, wherein the determined cross-sectional surface area is a first cross-sectional surface area, and further wherein:

the determining step further comprises;

removing the imported device model from the at least one of the one or more depictions; and

determining a second cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

61. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 60, wherein the method carried out by the one or more processors further comprises evaluating blood flow obstruction through the second structure of interest that would be caused if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a corresponding position in the first structure of interest based on one or both of the first and second cross-sectional surface areas.

62. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 53, wherein the designating step comprises importing a model of the prosthetic device into the at least one of the one or more depictions, and further wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the determining step comprises:

defining a plane that contains the aortic annulus of the patient'"'"'s heart (“

the aortic plane”

);

offsetting a representation of the aortic plane to a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the imported device model intersects the blood pool volume;

removing the imported device model from the at least one of the one or more depictions; and

determining the cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the offset representation of the aortic plane.

63. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 53, wherein the at least one of the one or more depictions shows the first structure of interest and the blood pool volume of the second structure of interest, and the determining step comprises:

defining a plane that contains a point in the at least one of the one or more depictions at which a portion of the prosthetic device would intersect the blood pool volume if the prosthetic device was to be placed at a position in the first structure of interest corresponding to the designated position; and

determining the cross-sectional surface area of the blood pool volume along the defined plane.