Processing biomass

• US 10,597,595 B2
• Filed: 11/21/2018
• Issued: 03/24/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 10/27/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Xyleco, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Xyleco, Inc.
• Inventors: Medoff, Marshall
• Primary Examiner(s): Mcavoy, Ellen M
• Assistant Examiner(s): Graham, Chantel L
• Application Number:
  US16/198,537
• Publication Number:
  US 20190233751A1
• Time in Patent Office: 489 Days
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2300/1011 Biomass
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2300/1014 of vegetal origin
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2300/201 Impurities
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2300/202 Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2300/301 Boiling range
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2300/305 Octane number, e.g. motor octane number [MON], research octane number [RON]
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 2300/308 Gravity, density, e.g. API
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 3/42 Catalytic treatment
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 3/45 containing iron group metals or compounds thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 3/47 containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 3/48 further characterised by the catalyst support
• CPC Class Codes: C10G 3/49 containing crystalline aluminosilicates, e.g. molecular sieves
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/023 for spark ignition
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 1/06 for spark ignition
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 2200/0469 Renewables or materials of biological origin
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 2270/023 for gasoline engines
• CPC Class Codes: C12P 19/02 Monosaccharides 2-ketogulonic acid C12P7/60
• CPC Class Codes: C12P 19/12 Disaccharides
• CPC Class Codes: C12P 7/10 substrate containing cellulosic material
• CPC Class Codes: C12P 7/16 Butanols
• CPC Class Codes: C12P 7/649 : Biodiesel, i.e. fatty acid alkyl esters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 50/10 : Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 30/20 : using bio-feedstock

Abstract

Techniques for processing biomass are disclosed herein. A method of preparing cellulosic ethanol having 100% biogenic carbon content as determined by ASTM 6866-18, includes treating ground corn cobs with electron beam radiation and saccharifying the irradiated ground corn cob to produce sugars. The method also includes fermenting the sugars with a microorganism. In addition, an unblended cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline with a research octane number of greater than about 87, as determined by ASTM D2699 is disclosed.

Claims

1. An cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline, wherein the gasoline is unblended, wherein the gasoline has a research octane number of greater than about 87, as determined by ASTM D2699, and wherein the gasoline has a motor octane number of greater than about 85, as determined by ASTM D2700.

2. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 1, wherein the gasoline is derived from a catalytic processing of ethanol obtained from a cellulosic-biomass.

3. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 2, wherein the catalyst processing uses one or more catalysts comprising of an alumina-based catalyst and/or a zeolite-based catalyst.

4. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 2, wherein the catalyst processing uses one or more catalysts comprising of a mono-metallic catalyst, a bi-metallic catalyst, or a tri-metallic catalyst.

5. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 4, wherein the one or more catalysts comprise at least one metals selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Sn, Re, Rh, Bi, Ba, Ti, Ni, and any combinations thereof.

6. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 1, wherein the research octane number is greater than about 90.

7. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 1, wherein the research octane number is greater than about 92.

8. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 1, wherein the research octane number is greater than about 96.

9. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 1, wherein the motor octane number is greater than about 90.

10. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 1, wherein the gasoline has a dry vapor pressure equivalent of greater than about 4 psi, as determined by ASTM D5191.

11. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 10, wherein the dry vapor pressure equivalent is greater than about 5 psi.

12. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 1, wherein the gasoline has a gross heat of combustion of greater than about 120,000 Btu/gal.

13. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 12, wherein the gross heat of combustion is greater than about 122,000 Btu/gal.

14. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 12, wherein the gross heat of combustion is greater than about 124,000 Btu/gal.

15. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 12, wherein the gross heat of combustion is greater than about 126,000 Btu/gal.

16. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 1, wherein the gasoline has an antiknock index of greater than about 85, as determined by ASTM D4814-X1.4.

17. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 16, wherein the antiknock index is greater than about 90.

18. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 1, wherein the gasoline has an API Gravity at 60°

F. of greater than about 40°

API, as determined by ASTM D4052.

19. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 18, wherein the API Gravity at 60°

F. is greater than about 50°

API.

20. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 18, wherein the API Gravity at 60°

F. is greater than about 60°

API.

21. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 1, wherein the gasoline has an aromatic content of greater than about 25% (wt./wt.).

22. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 21, wherein the aromatic content is greater than about 30% (wt./wt.).

23. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 21, wherein the aromatic content is greater than about 40% (wt./wt.).

24. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 21, wherein the aromatic content is greater than about 50% (wt./wt.).

25. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 1, having a boiling point range of about 35°

C. to 200°

C.

26. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline has an oxygenate level of less than about 0.5% (wt./wt.).

27. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline has an oxygenate level of less than about 0.4% (wt./wt.).

28. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline has an oxygenate level of less than about 0.25% (wt./wt.).

29. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline has a naphthalene content of less than about 0.5% (wt./wt.).

30. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline has a naphthalene content of less than about 0.4% (wt./wt.).

31. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline has a naphthalene content of less than about 0.25% (wt./wt.).

32. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline has an aromatic content of greater than about 75% (wt./wt.).

33. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline has an aromatic content of greater than about 76% (wt./wt.).

34. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline has an aromatic content of greater than about 77% (wt./wt.).

35. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline has an aromatic content of greater than about 78% (wt./wt.).

36. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline has an aromatic content of greater than about 79% (wt./wt.).

37. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline has an aromatic content of greater than about 80% (wt./wt.).

38. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline has an aromatic content of greater than about 85% (wt./wt.).

39. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein less than about 10% of the fraction of the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline boils at a temperature above 160°

C.

40. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein less than about 9% of the fraction of the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline boils at a temperature above 160°

C.

41. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein less than about 8% of the fraction of the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline boils at a temperature above 160°

C.

42. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein less than about 7% of the fraction of the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline boils at a temperature above 160°

C.

43. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein less than about 6% of the fraction of the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline boils at a temperature above 160°

C.

44. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein less than about 5% of the fraction of the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline boils at a temperature above 160°

C.

45. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 25, wherein less than about 4% of the fraction of the cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline boils at a temperature above 160°

C.

46. A cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline, wherein the gasoline is unblended, wherein the gasoline has a research octane number of greater than about 87, as determined by ASTM D2699, and wherein the gasoline has an antiknock index of greater than about 85, as determined by ASTM D4814-X1.4.

47. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 46, wherein the gasoline has a dry vapor pressure equivalent of greater than about 4 psi, as determined by ASTM D5191.

48. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 46, wherein the gasoline has a gross heat of combustion of greater than about 120,000 Btu/gal.

49. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 46, wherein the gasoline has an API Gravity at 60°

F. of greater than about 40°

API, as determined by ASTM D4052.

50. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 46, wherein the gasoline has an aromatic content of greater than about 25% (wt./wt.).

51. A cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline, wherein the gasoline is unblended, wherein the gasoline has a research octane number of greater than about 87, as determined by ASTM D2699, wherein the gasoline has a motor octane number of greater than about 85, as determined by ASTM D2700, and wherein the gasoline has a boiling point range of about 35°

C. to 200°

C.

52. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 51, wherein the gasoline has a dry vapor pressure equivalent of greater than about 4 psi, as determined by ASTM D5191.

53. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 51, wherein the gasoline has a gross heat of combustion of greater than about 120,000 Btu/gal.

54. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 51, wherein the gasoline has an API Gravity at 60°

F. of greater than about 40°

API, as determined by ASTM D4052.

55. The cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline of claim 51, wherein the gasoline has an aromatic content of greater than about 25% (wt./wt.).