Oxygen enhancing membrane systems for implantable devices
First Claim
1. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte comprising glucose in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
- a membrane system comprising an enzyme domain comprising an enzyme that reacts with the analyte in the fluid as it passes through the enzyme domain; and
a working electrode comprising a conductive material, wherein the working electrode is configured to measure a product of a reaction of the enzyme with the analyte,wherein the membrane system comprises a resistance domain configured to restrict a flow of the glucose therethrough, wherein the resistance domain comprises;
a silicone with a non-silicone containing hydrophile covalently incorporated or grafted therein,a polyurethane, ora copolymer thereof, wherein the polyurethane comprises a polyurethane urea/polyurethane-block-polyethylene glycol blend.
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Abstract
The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for increasing oxygen availability to implantable devices. The preferred embodiments provide a membrane system configured to provide protection of the device from the biological environment and/or a catalyst for enabling an enzymatic reaction, wherein the membrane system includes a polymer formed from a high oxygen soluble material. The high oxygen soluble polymer material is disposed adjacent to an oxygen-utilizing source on the implantable device so as to dynamically retain high oxygen availability to the oxygen-utilizing source during oxygen deficits. Membrane systems of the preferred embodiments are useful for implantable devices with oxygen-utilizing sources and/or that function in low oxygen environments, such as enzyme-based electrochemical sensors and cell transplantation devices.
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Citations
64 Claims
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1. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte comprising glucose in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
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a membrane system comprising an enzyme domain comprising an enzyme that reacts with the analyte in the fluid as it passes through the enzyme domain; and a working electrode comprising a conductive material, wherein the working electrode is configured to measure a product of a reaction of the enzyme with the analyte, wherein the membrane system comprises a resistance domain configured to restrict a flow of the glucose therethrough, wherein the resistance domain comprises; a silicone with a non-silicone containing hydrophile covalently incorporated or grafted therein, a polyurethane, or a copolymer thereof, wherein the polyurethane comprises a polyurethane urea/polyurethane-block-polyethylene glycol blend. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte comprising glucose in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
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a membrane system comprising an enzyme domain comprising an enzyme that reacts with the analyte in the fluid as it passes through the enzyme domain; and a working electrode comprising a conductive material, wherein the working electrode is configured to measure a product of a reaction of the enzyme with the analyte, wherein the membrane system comprises a resistance domain configured to restrict a flow of the glucose therethrough, wherein the resistance domain comprises; a silicone with a non-silicone containing hydrophile covalently incorporated or grafted therein, a polyurethane, or a copolymer thereof, wherein a thickness of the resistance domain is in a range of from about 15 microns to about 100 microns. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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33. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte comprising glucose in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
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a membrane system comprising an enzyme domain comprising an enzyme that reacts with the analyte in the fluid as it passes through the enzyme domain; and a working electrode comprising a conductive material, wherein the working electrode is configured to measure a product of a reaction of the enzyme with the analyte, wherein the membrane system comprises a resistance domain configured to restrict a flow of the glucose therethrough, wherein the resistance domain comprises; a silicone with a non-silicone containing hydrophile covalently incorporated or grafted therein, a polyurethane, or a copolymer thereof, wherein a thickness of the resistance domain is in a range of from about 45 microns to about 60 microns. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48)
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49. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte comprising glucose in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
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a membrane system comprising an enzyme domain comprising an enzyme that reacts with the analyte in the fluid as it passes through the enzyme domain; and a working electrode comprising a conductive material, wherein the working electrode is configured to measure a product of a reaction of the enzyme with the analyte, wherein the membrane system comprises a resistance domain configured to restrict a flow of the glucose therethrough, wherein the resistance domain comprises; a silicone with a non-silicone containing hydrophile covalently incorporated or grafted therein, a polyurethane, or a copolymer thereof, having an oxygen permeability in a range of from about 1 Barrers to about 1000 Barrers. - View Dependent Claims (50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64)
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Specification