Apparatus for charging and discharging battery

• US 10,615,611 B2
• Filed: 10/01/2015
• Issued: 04/07/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 10/23/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., SungKyunKwan University's Research & Business Foundation (SungKyunKwan University (SKKU))
• Original Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.
• Inventors: Jeon, Jinyong, Yeo, Taejung, Choi, Seong Chon, Lee, Soon Ryung, Choi, Bong Yeon
• Primary Examiner(s): Dunn, Drew A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kebede, Tessema
• Application Number:
  US14/872,696
• Publication Number:
  US 20160118830A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,650 Days
• Field of Search: 320127, 320115-121
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/12 Buck converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/14 Boost converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/22 Balancing the charge of battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2207/20 Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0018 using separate charge circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0025 Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00711 with introduction of pulses during the charging process
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/92 Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

Abstract

A battery charging and discharging apparatus includes power converters connected in series and configured to convert respective output voltages of batteries corresponding to the power converters. Each of the power converters may include direct current to direct current (DC/DC) converters connected in parallel. The apparatus may further include a controller configured to control magnitudes of respective output voltages of the power converters based on respective states of the batteries.

Claims

1. A battery charging and discharging apparatus comprising:

power converters connected in series and comprising;

a first power converter configured to convert a first input voltage from a first battery to a first output voltage and supply the first output voltage to an external component of the battery charging and discharging apparatus, and

a second power converter configured to convert a second input voltage from a second battery to a second output voltage and supply the second output voltage to the external component; and

a controller configured to;

determine a first and a second compensation factor respectively for the first and the second power converter based on a total quantity of the batteries and respective state of charge (SOC) rankings of the first and the second battery, and

control the first output voltage based on the first compensation factor and control the second output voltage based on the second compensation factor, such that a total output voltage of the power converters is maintained.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the power converters comprises direct current to direct current (DC/DC) converters connected in parallel.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein first terminals of the DC/DC converters of each of the power converters are connected in parallel with each other and are connected to a corresponding one of the batteries;

and

second terminals of the DC/DC converters of each of the power converters are connected in parallel with each other and are connected to an output terminal of a corresponding one of the power converters.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control magnitudes of respective output voltages of the power converters based on respective states of the batteries.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to control the magnitudes of the respective output voltages of the power converters based on either one or both of respective states of charge (SOCs) and respective states of health (SOHs) of the batteries.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to control the output voltage of the first power convener to increase in response to the first battery having a greater SOC among the batteries.

7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to control the magnitude of the output voltage of each of the power converters based on an overall SOC and an overall SOH of all of the batteries and an SOC and an SOH of a corresponding one of the batteries.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the controller is further configured to calculate a respective compensation value for each of the power converters based on a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of respective SOCs of the batteries, and control the magnitude of the output voltage of each of the power converters based on the respective compensation value.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the Controller is further configured to set the respective compensation value for each of the power converters so that a total amount of power output from the power converters to remains constant.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to set the respective compensation value for each of the power converters so that the greater the SOC of the corresponding one of the batteries, the greater an amount of power output from the power convener.

11. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising power converter controllers respectively corresponding to the power converters and configured to control, under control of the controller, respective ones of the power converters to control the magnitudes of the respective output voltages of the power converters.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the power converters comprises a first DC/DC converter and a second DC/DC convener;

a first input terminal of the first DC/DC converter and a first input terminal of the second DC/DC converter are connected to a first terminal of a corresponding one of the batteries;

a second input terminal of the first DC/DC converter and a second input terminal of the second DC/DC convener are connected to a second terminal of the corresponding one of the batteries;

a first output terminal of the first DC/DC converter is connected to a first output terminal of the second DC/IDC converter; and

a second output terminal of the first DC/DC converter and a second output terminal of the second DC/DC converter are connected to each other and to a first output terminal of a first DC/DC converter and a first output terminal of a second DC/DC converter of a neighboring one of the power converters.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein each of the power converters further comprises a power converter controller configured to control a phase difference between a first control signal to control the first DC/DC converter and a second control signal to control the second DC/DC converter to be 180°

.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power converters are connected to the external component of the battery charging and discharging apparatus;

and

the power converters are further configured to supply power of the batteries to the external component in response to the external component being a load.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power converters are connected to the external component of the battery charging and discharging apparatus;

and

the power converters are further configured to charge the batteries with power from the external component in response to the external component being a power source.

16. A power supply apparatus comprising:

power converters connected in series to supply an output voltage to a load; and

a controller configured to control the power converters to convert respective input voltages from batteries corresponding to the power converters to the output voltage so that each of the power converters supplies an amount of power to the load that depends on a respective compensation factor determined based on a state of charge (SOC) ranking of a corresponding battery and a total quantity of the power converters.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured to control each of the power converters so that the greater the SOC of the corresponding battery, the greater the amount of power supplied to the load by the power converter.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured to control each of the power converters so that the amount of power supplied by each of the power converters to the load increases as the SOC of the corresponding battery increases relative to a sum of the SOCs of all of the batteries, and decreases as the SOC of the corresponding battery decreases relative to the sum of the SOCs of all of the batteries.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured to control the power converters so that a total amount of power supplied to the load by the power converters remains constant.

20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the SOC of each of the batteries is an SOC of the battery multiplied by a state of health (SOH) of the battery.

21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured to calculate a respective output voltage of each of the power converters based on an SOC of the corresponding battery, a state of health (SOH) of the corresponding battery, an overall SOC of all of the batteries, and an overall SOH of all of the batteries, and control each of the power converters to output the calculated respective output voltage;

and

the output voltage supplied to the load is a sum of the respective output voltages of the power converters.

22. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the controller is further configured to calculate a respective voltage of each of the power converters based on a difference between a maximum SOC and a minimum SOC among the SOCs of all of the batteries, and control each of the power converters to output the calculated respective output voltage;

and

the output voltage supplied to the load is a sum of the respective output voltages of the power converters.

23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein:

the controller is further configured to calculate a respective output voltage of each of the power converters based on the compensation factor, and

the SOC ranking of the corresponding battery is based on an order of the power converter in a list of all of the power converters ranked in a descending order of the SOCs of the corresponding batteries.

24. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising power converter controllers respectively corresponding to the power conveners and configured to control, under control of the controller, respective ones of the power converters to convert the respective output voltages of the batteries corresponding to the power converters to the output voltage so that each of the power converters supplies the amount of power to the load that depends on the SOC of the corresponding battery.