Method to limit impact of partial media failure of disk drive and detect/report the loss of data for objects due to partial failure of media

• US 10,642,508 B2
• Filed: 03/22/2016
• Issued: 05/05/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 03/22/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Kioxia Corporation
• Original Assignee: Toshiba Memory Corporation (Kioxia Corporation)
• Inventors: Gole, Abhijeet, Joshi, Ratnadeep, Kufeldt, Philip A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Knight, Paul M
• Application Number:
  US15/077,639
• Publication Number:
  US 20170277451A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,505 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/004 Error avoidance G06F11/07 and subgroups take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0619 in relation to data integrity, e.g. data losses, bit errors
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0644 Management of space entities, e.g. partitions, extents, pools
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/065 Replication mechanisms
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0676 Magnetic disk device

Abstract

Object data, such as a key-value pair, are stored in a disk drive in conjunction with metadata associated with the object data. A key-value pair and metadata associated therewith are written in different locations in the disk drive, but as part of a single sequential write operation, such as when contents of a key-value buffer containing one or more key-value pairs are flushed to the disk drive. The key-value pair may be written during a first phase of the sequential write operation and the metadata may be written during a second phase of the sequential write operation that does not immediately precede or follow the first phase.

Claims

1. A method of storing contents of a key-value buffer into one of multiple regions of a disk drive in a system having multiple disks, wherein the multiple regions are contained in a first shingled magnetic recording (SMR) band of a plurality of SMR bands of the disk drive, the method comprising:

determining that a used capacity of the key-value buffer is greater than a threshold capacity, wherein the threshold capacity is less than a capacity of the first SMR band; and

upon determining that the used capacity of the key-value buffer exceeds the threshold capacity;

writing first and second key-value pairs in the key-value buffer to first and second physical locations in a first region, which is one of the regions that are contained in the first SMR band, respectively; and

writing metadata that indicates the first and second physical locations as the storage location for the first and second key-value pairs, respectively, in third and fourth physical locations in the first region,

wherein the writing of the first and second key-value pairs to the first and second physical locations and the writing of the metadata to the third and fourth physical locations are carried out by a single sequential write process, and the first and second physical locations are between the third and fourth physical locations in the first region, and

wherein the multiple regions are sequentially arranged within the first SMR band and each of the multiple regions has a capacity equal to the threshold capacity.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein contents of the first and third physical locations are not written consecutively in the single sequential write process.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein contents of the first and second physical locations are written consecutively in the single sequential write process.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving the first and second key-value pairs; and

storing the received first and second key-value pairs in the key-value buffer.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving a third key-value pair for storage in the at least one disk drive;

storing the third key-value pair in the key-value buffer; and

determining a fifth physical location in the first region for storing the third key-value pair and a sixth physical location in the first region for storing metadata associated with the third key-value pair.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the metadata indicates the fifth physical location as the storage location in the first region for the third key-value pair,

wherein the third key-value pair is an even-numbered key-value pair, the first key-value pair is an even-numbered key-value pair, and the second key-value pair is an odd-numbered key-value pair, and

wherein the metadata associated with the third key-value pair is stored adjacent to the metadata associated with the first key-value pair in a beginning portion of the first region, and wherein the metadata associated with the second key-value pair is stored apart from the metadata associated with the third key-value pair and the metadata associated with the first key-value pair in an ending portion of the first region.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

writing the third key-value pair in the key-value buffer to the fifth physical location; and

writing the metadata associated with the third key-value pair in the sixth physical location.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the single sequential write process includes writing the third key-value pair to the fifth physical location and writing the metadata associated with the third key-value pair in the sixth physical location.

9. The method of claim 5, wherein, in the single sequential write process, contents of the fifth physical location are not written consecutively with contents of the first physical location or the second physical location.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, in the single sequential write process, contents of the first and second physical locations are written consecutively.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the third key-value pair is the key-value pair received directly after the first key-value pair.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein, in the single sequential write process, the metadata are written in the third and fourth physical locations before the first and second key-value pairs are respectively written to the first and second physical locations.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein, in the single sequential write process, the metadata are written in the third and fourth physical locations after the first and second key-value pairs are respectively written to the first and second physical locations.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein

the multiple regions including the first region are slabs included in the first SMR band.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein

the plurality of SMR bands are separated by one or more guard spaces in the disk drive.

16. A method of retrieving data from a data storage system that repeatedly moves contents of a key-value buffer into one of multiple regions of disk drive of the system having multiple disks depending on a used capacity of the key-value buffer, wherein the multiple regions are contained in a first shingled magnetic recording (SMR) band of a plurality of SMR bands of the disk drive, the method comprising:

receiving, from a disk drive of the data storage system, a read-error message in response to a read that targets each of first and second physical locations in a first region, which is one of the regions that are contained in the first SMR band;

responsive to the read-error message, issuing a read that targets each of third and fourth physical locations in the first region, the third and fourth physical locations storing first and second metadata including first and second pointers to physical locations of first and second key-value pairs that are stored within the first and second physical locations, respectively; and

determining, based on the metadata, first and second keys associated with the first and second physical locations,

wherein writing of the first and second key-value pairs to the first and second physical locations and writing of the metadata to the third and fourth physical locations are carried out by a single sequential write process in response to the used capacity of the key-value buffer exceeding a threshold capacity, which is less than a capacity of the first SMR band, and the first and second physical locations are between the third and fourth physical locations in the first region, and

wherein the multiple regions are sequentially arranged within the first SMR band and each of the multiple regions has a capacity equal to the threshold capacity.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the contents of the first and third physical locations are not written consecutively in the single sequential write process.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second physical location is distinct from the first physical location and stores one or more additional key-value pairs.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein, in a single sequential write process, contents of the second physical location are written before contents are written to the first physical location.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein, in a single sequential write process, contents of the second physical location are written after contents are written to the first physical location.

21. The method of claim 18, wherein contents of the second physical location comprise the next key-value pair written in the single sequential write process directly after contents are written to the first physical location in the single sequential write process.