Storage device that maintains mapping data therein

• US 10,649,891 B2
• Filed: 08/24/2017
• Issued: 05/12/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 08/24/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Kioxia Corporation
• Original Assignee: Toshiba Memory Corporation (Kioxia Corporation)
• Inventors: Arai, Satoshi, Kohara, Shunitsu, Kitsunai, Kazuya, Kojima, Yoshihisa, Nemoto, Hiroyuki
• Primary Examiner(s): Grullon, Francisco A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Otto, Alan
• Application Number:
  US15/685,269
• Publication Number:
  US 20180060228A1
• Time in Patent Office: 992 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0246 in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/1024 Latency reduction
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/1048 Scalability
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/7201 Logical to physical mapping or translation of blocks or pages
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/7207 management of metadata or control data
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0608 Saving storage space on storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0611 in relation to response time
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0632 by initialisation or re-initialisation of storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0634 by changing the state or mode of one or more devices
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0644 Management of space entities, e.g. partitions, extents, pools
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0659 Command handling arrangements, e.g. command buffers, queues, command scheduling
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0679 Non-volatile semiconductor memory device, e.g. flash memory, one time programmable memory [OTP]
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0688 Non-volatile semiconductor memory arrays

Abstract

A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory, and a controller configured to perform, in response to commands from the host device, a read operation and a write operation on the nonvolatile memory. The controller divides a logical address space of the storage device into a plurality of subspaces and manages a priority value for each of the subspaces, the priority values of the subspaces determining an order for setting up the subspaces upon start-up of the storage device.

Claims

1. A storage device capable of communicating with a host device, comprising;

a nonvolatile semiconductor memory; and

a controller configured to perform, in response to commands from the host device, a read operation and a write operation on the nonvolatile semiconductor memory,

wherein the controller is configured to;

divide a logical address space of the storage device into a plurality of subspaces including a first subspace and a second subspace;

receive, from the host device, a priority value for each of the first and second subspaces, the priority values of the first and second subspaces determining an order for starting up the first and second subspaces upon start-up of the storage device;

manage the priority values of the first and second subspaces;

store a plurality of pieces of first log data for the first subspace in a first area of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory in which a plurality of pieces of second log data for the second subspace is not stored, the first area starting at a first physical address, store the plurality of pieces of second log data for the second subspace in a second area of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory in which the plurality of pieces of first log data for the first subspace is not stored, the second area starting at a second physical address different from the first physical address, the plurality of pieces of first log data and the plurality of pieces of second log data being used for restoring logical-to-physical address conversion information of the corresponding one of the first and second subspaces, the logical-to-physical address conversion information being used for a conversion between a logical address and a physical address of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory;

manage an association of a number of the plurality of pieces of first log data, the first physical address, and an identifier of the first subspace;

manage an association of a number of the plurality of pieces of second log data, the second physical address, and an identifier of the second subspace; and

upon the start-up of the storage device, start up the first and second subspaces by reading the plurality of pieces of first log data from the first physical address and the plurality of pieces of second log data from the second physical address according to the managed priority values of the first and second subspaces such that the logical-to-physical address conversion information of the first subspace is restored earlier than the logical-to-physical address conversion information of the second subspace in a case in which the priority value of the first subspace is higher than the priority value of the second subspace, wherein the controller is further configured to not allow the read operation or the write operation to one of the first and second subspaces to be processed until the restoring of the logical-to-physical address conversion information of the one of the first and second subspaces has completed.

2. The storage device according to claim 1, wherein the start-up of the storage device is performed in response to a power-on of the storage device.

3. The storage device according to claim 1,

wherein the controller is further configured to store the priority values in the nonvolatile semiconductor memory in association with the identifiers of the first and second subspaces, and read the priority values from the nonvolatile semiconductor memory upon the start-up of the storage device.

4. The storage device according to claim 1,

wherein the controller, in response to a first command received from the host device that designates an identifier of a third subspace and a priority value for the first subspace, stores the priority value for the third subspace in the nonvolatile semiconductor memory.

5. The storage device according to claim 4,

wherein when the priority value for the third subspace designated in the first command overlaps with a priority value of another one of the subspaces,

the controller stores the designated priority value in the nonvolatile semiconductor memory in association with the third subspace, and increments by 1, the priority values of other subspaces having a priority value that is greater than or equal to the designated priority value.

6. The storage device according to claim 1,

wherein, upon the start-up of the storage device, the controller starts up the subspaces in an ascending order of the priority values of the first and second subspaces.

7. The storage device according to claim 6,

wherein the controller is configured to send to the host device a completion report that the start-up of a subspace has completed before the start-up of the first and second subspaces has completed.

8. The storage device according to claim 7,

wherein, in response to a second command received from the host device, the second command designating one of the first and second subspaces, the controller sends to the host device a report of whether or not the start-up of the one of the first and second subspaces designated in the second command has completed.

9. The storage device according to claim 1,

wherein, in response to a third command received from the host device, the third command designating one of the first and second subspaces, the controller reports the priority value of the one of the subspaces designated in the third command.

10. The storage device according to claim 1,

wherein, in response to a fourth command received from the host device, the fourth command designating a priority value, the controller reports information identifying a subspace corresponding to the priority value designated in the fourth command.

11. The storage device according to claim 1, wherein

the controller is further configured to allow the read operation and the write operation to one of the first and second subspaces after the start-up of the one of the first and second subspaces has completed and prior to the start-up of all of the first and second subspaces has completed.

12. A method of controlling a storage device which is capable of communicating with a host device, the storage device including a nonvolatile semiconductor memory for storing data received from the host device, the storage device dividing a logical address space of the storage device into a plurality of subspaces including a first subspace and a second subspace, the method comprising:

receiving, from the host device, a first priority value for the first subspace and a second priority value for the second subspace,

wherein the first and second priority values determine an order for starting up the subspaces upon start-up of the storage device, such that a read operation and a write operation to one of the first and second subspaces are not allowed to be processed until the start-up of the one of the first and second subspaces has completed, and the priority value for the first subspace is designated in a first command transmitted from the host device to the storage device;

managing the priority values for the first and second subspaces;

storing a plurality of pieces of first log data and second log data for the first subspace in a first area of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory in which a plurality of pieces of second log data for the second subspace is not stored, the first area starting at a first physical address, store the plurality of pieces of second log data for the second subspace in a second area of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory in which the plurality of pieces of first log data for the first subspace is not stored, the second area starting at a second physical address different from the first physical address, the plurality of pieces of first log data and the plurality of pieces of second log data being used for restoring logical-to-physical address conversion information of the corresponding one of the first and second subspaces, the logical-to-physical address conversion information being used for a conversion between a logical address and a physical address of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory; and

upon the start-up of the storage device, starting up the first and second subspaces by reading the plurality of pieces of first log data from the first physical address and the plurality of pieces of second log data from the second physical address according to the managed priority values of the first and second subspaces such that the logical-to-physical address conversion information of the first subspace is restored earlier than the logical-to-physical address conversion information of the second subspace in a case in which the priority value of the first subspace is higher than the priority value of the second subspace,

wherein the read operation or the write operation to one of the first and second subspaces is not allowed to be processed until the restoring of the logical-to-physical address conversion information of the one of the subspaces has completed.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the start-up of the storage device is performed in response to a power-on of the storage device.

14. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:

sending to the host device a completion report that the start-up of the first subspace has completed before the start-up of the second subspace has completed.

15. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:

in response to a second command received from the host device, the second command designating one of the first and second subspaces, sending to the host device a report of whether or not the start-up of the one of the first and second subspaces designated in the second command has completed.

16. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:

in response to a third command received from the host device, the third command designating one of the first and second subspaces, reporting the priority value of the one of the first and second subspaces designated in the third command.

17. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:

in response to a fourth command received from the host device, the fourth command designating a priority value, reporting information identifying a subspace corresponding to the priority value designated in the fourth command.

18. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:

starting up each of the first and second subspaces by generating mapping data needed for a conversion between a logical address and a physical address of the storage device.

19. The method according to claim 12 further comprising:

upon the start-up of the storage device, starting up the first and second subspaces in an ascending order of the priority values of the subspaces.

20. A system comprising:

a host device; and

a storage device capable of communicating with the host device, the storage device comprising;

a nonvolatile semiconductor memory; and

a controller configured to perform, in response to commands from the host device, a read operation and a write operation on the nonvolatile semiconductor memory,

wherein the controller is configured to;

divide a logical address space of the storage device into a plurality of subspaces including a first subspace and a second subspace;

receive, from the host device, a priority value for each of the first and second subspaces, the priority values of the first and second subspaces determining an order for starting up the first and second subspaces upon start-up of the storage device;

manage the priority values of the first and second subspaces;

store a plurality of pieces of first log data for the first subspace in a first area of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory in which a plurality of pieces of second log data for the second subspace is not stored, the first area starting at a first physical address, store the plurality of pieces of second log data for the second subspace in a second area of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory in which the plurality of pieces of first log data for the first subspace is not stored, the second area starting at a second physical address different from the first physical address, the plurality of pieces of first log data and the plurality of pieces of second log data being used for restoring logical-to-physical address conversion information of the corresponding one of the first and second subspaces, the logical-to-physical address conversion information being used for a conversion between a logical address and a physical address of the nonvolatile semiconductor memory; and

upon the start-up of the storage device, start up the first and second subspaces by reading the plurality of pieces of first log data from the first physical address and the plurality of pieces of second log data from the second physical address according to the managed priority values of the first and second subspaces such that the logical-to-physical address conversion information of the first subspace is restored earlier than the logical-to-physical address conversion information of the second subspace in a case in which the priority value of the first subspace is higher than the priority value of the second subspace, wherein the controller is further configured to not allow the read operation or the write operation to one of the first and second subspaces to be processed until the restoring of the logical-to-physical address conversion information of the one of the first and second subspaces has completed.