Optical modulator having a plurality of modulator segments

• US 10,656,441 B2
• Filed: 09/13/2019
• Issued: 05/19/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 10/09/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nokia Solutions and Networks US LLC (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Elenion Technologies, LLC (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Ding, Ran, Baehr-Jones, Thomas Wetteland, Magill, Peter D., Hochberg, Michael J., Rylyakov, Alexander
• Primary Examiner(s): Kim, Ellen E
• Application Number:
  US16/569,893
• Publication Number:
  US 20200004055A1
• Time in Patent Office: 249 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/011 in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/0121 Operation of devices; Circuit arrangements, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/025 in an optical waveguide structure G02F1/017, G02F1/2257 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/035 in an optical waveguide structure
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/225 in an optical waveguide structure

Abstract

An optical modulator apparatus may include a plurality of segment drivers, each segment driver having a unique offset voltage and driving but a portion or a segment of an electro-optical modulator. A modulating electrical signal may be applied to the segment drivers via a plurality of electrical delays. Parameters of the segment drivers may be selected so as to approximate a pre-defined transfer function, which may include a linear or a non-linear transfer function.

Claims

1. A modulator apparatus comprising:

a plurality of optical modulator segments configured to modulate a carrier wave propagating therethrough; and

,

a plurality of segment drivers coupled to the plurality of optical modulator segments for driving thereof responsive to an input electrical signal, the plurality of segment drivers configured to drive at least two of the optical modulator segments in accordance with differing limiting voltage transfer functions.

2. The modulator apparatus of claim 1 wherein the plurality of optical modulator segments are sequentially disposed in an optical path of the carrier wave.

3. The modulator apparatus of claim 2 wherein the plurality of optical modulator segments are monolithically integrated in or upon a substrate.

4. The modulator apparatus of claim 3 wherein the substrate comprises semiconductor material.

5. The modulator apparatus of claim 1 wherein different optical modulator segments from the plurality of optical modulator segments are coupled to different segment drivers from the plurality of segment drivers.

6. The modulator apparatus of claim 2 wherein the plurality of segment drivers are configured to drive the plurality of optical modulator segments synchronously with propagation of the optical carrier wave therein.

7. The modulator apparatus of claim 1 wherein the plurality of segment drivers comprises two segment drivers configured to drive two optical modulator segments with the differing limiting voltage transfer functions that relate two driving voltages applied to the two optical modulator segments to a control voltage Vc defined by the input electrical signal, and which limit the variation of the two drive voltages to different fractions of an operating range of the control voltage.

8. The modulator apparatus of claim 7 wherein the differing limiting voltage transfer functions comprise a first transfer function that limits the variation of a drive voltage applied to a first of the two optical modulator segments to a first fraction of the operating range of the control voltage, and a second transfer function that limit the variation of the drive voltage applied to a second of the two optical modulator segments to a second fraction of the operating range of the control voltage that is different from the first fraction.

9. The modulator apparatus of claim 5 wherein the plurality of segment drivers are configured to generate driving voltages for the optical modulator segments in dependence upon a control voltage provided to a corresponding segment driver in response to the input electrical signal, wherein each of the driving voltages transitions between a low voltage and a high voltage when the control voltage passes an offset voltage, and wherein at least one of the low voltage, the high voltage, or the offset voltage differs for at least two of the optical modulator segments.

10. The modulator apparatus of claim 9 wherein the driving voltages generated by at least some of the segment drivers are independent on the control voltage at the edges of the operating range thereof.

11. The modulator apparatus of claim 9 wherein the driving voltages generated by at least some of the segment drivers saturate away from the offset voltage as a function of the control voltage.

12. The modulator apparatus of claim 1 including an electrical input port and one or more electrical delay lines connecting the electrical input port to each segment driver so as to apply a driving voltage to the optical modulator segments synchronously with propagation of the carrier wave.

13. The modulator apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a comparator module operationally coupled to the plurality of segment drivers to provide individual control signals to each of the plurality of segment drivers in response to a control voltage V_c when the control voltage V_c exceeds a threshold set for the corresponding segment driver.

14. The modulator apparatus of claim 9, wherein the offset voltage of the segment driver of each successive optical modulator segment is greater than the offset voltage of the segment driver of an immediately preceding optical modulator segment.

15. The modulator apparatus of claim 1 comprising an optical waveguide traversing the plurality of optical modulator segments.

16. The modulator apparatus of claim 15 wherein the optical waveguide is implemented in a silicon photonic chip.

17. The modulator apparatus of claim 16 wherein the silicon photonic chip comprises the plurality of segment drivers.