Distributed/central optimizer architecture

• US 10,665,743 B2
• Filed: 07/14/2017
• Issued: 05/26/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 02/16/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Huawei Digital Power Technologies Company Limited (Huawei Investment & Holding Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Futurewei Technologies Incorporated (Huawei Investment & Holding Co., Ltd.)
• Inventors: Dai, Heping, Ye, Liming, Fu, Dianbo, Mao, Xiaolin
• Primary Examiner(s): Kaplan, Hal
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ly, Xuan
• Application Number:
  US15/650,370
• Publication Number:
  US 20180233614A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,047 Days
• Field of Search: 307 82
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/0201 comprising specially adapted module bus-bar structures
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/022433 Particular geometry of the grid contacts
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/022441 Electrode arrangements specially adapted for back-contact solar cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/0443 comprising bypass diodes integrated or directly associated with the devices, e.g. bypass diodes integrated or formed in or on the same substrate as the photovoltaic cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/0504 specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/0516 specially adapted for interconnection of back-contact solar cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/1896 for thin-film semiconductors
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/26 involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/46 Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
• CPC Class Codes: H02S 30/10 Frame structures
• CPC Class Codes: H02S 50/00 Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/50 Photovoltaic [PV] energy
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The disclosure relates to technology for providing power, voltage, and/or current from a combination of photovoltaic modules. In one aspect, a system has central power optimizer, which is located between a group of distributed power optimizers and a solar inverter. Each distributed power optimizer may be connected to the DC output of one photovoltaic modules, and may be used to regulate the power output of the photovoltaic module. The combined DC voltages of the distributed power optimizers may be provided to the input of the central power optimizer.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

a plurality of photovoltaic modules, each having a DC voltage output;

a plurality of distributed power optimizers, each distributed power optimizer has an input connected to the DC voltage output of one of the photovoltaic modules and an output configured to provide a DC voltage; and

a central optimizer having an output configured to output a DC voltage and an input configured to receive a voltage that is a summation of the DC voltages from the outputs of a set of at least two of the distributed power optimizers.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the central optimizer is configured to operate in a bypass mode and in a boost mode.

3. The system of claim 2, further comprising control logic configured to:

switch the central optimizer between the bypass mode and the boost mode responsive to a condition of one or more of the plurality of distributed power optimizers.

4. The system of claim 2, further comprising control logic configured to:

switch the central optimizer from the bypass mode to the boost mode responsive to a magnitude of the DC voltage that is output from the output of one or more of the plurality of distributed power optimizers reaching a maximum allowed amount.

5. The system of claim 2, further comprising control logic configured to:

switch the central optimizer from the bypass mode to the boost mode responsive to the central optimizer being unable to maintain the DC voltage at the output of the central optimizer at a target level.

6. The system of claim 2, wherein the central optimizer comprises a switch between the input of the central optimizer and the output of the central optimizer, wherein in the bypass mode the switch connects the input of the central optimizer directly to the output of the central optimizer.

7. The system claim 2, further comprising control logic configured to reduce the summation of the DC voltages from the outputs of the plurality of distributed power optimizers when the central optimizer is in the boost mode relative to the summation of the DC voltages from the outputs of the plurality of distributed power optimizers when the central optimizer is in the bypass mode.

8. The system claim 2, wherein the central optimizer is configured to maintain the DC voltage at the output of the central optimizer at substantially the same magnitude in the boost mode and the bypass mode.

9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a DC to AC converter having a DC voltage input and an AC voltage output, wherein the DC voltage input of the DC to AC converter is coupled to the output of the central optimizer.

10. The system claim 1, further comprising control logic configured to report operational status of the plurality of distributed power optimizers to the central optimizer, wherein the operational status comprises one or more of:

a normal state of a distributed power optimizer, an output voltage limiting state in which a distributed power optimizer limits the DC voltage at the output, or an output power limiting state in which a distributed power optimizer limits its output power.

11. The system claim 1, further comprising control logic configured to report abnormal conditions to one or more of the plurality of distributed power optimizers, wherein the abnormal conditions comprises one or more of:

an under-voltage condition at the input of the central optimizer, or an over voltage condition at the input of the central optimizer.

12. A method of regulating power, comprising:

operating a plurality of distributed power optimizers to regulate power output of a plurality of photovoltaic modules, each distributed power optimizer having an output that outputs a DC voltage and an input connected to a DC voltage output of one of the photovoltaic modules;

providing a summation of the DC voltages that are output by the plurality distributed power optimizers to an input of a central optimizer;

operating the central optimizer in a boost mode or a bypass mode; and

providing a DC output voltage of an output of the central optimizer to an input of a solar inverter.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein operating the central optimizer in a boost mode or a bypass mode comprises:

operating the central optimizer in the boost mode responsive to a condition of one or more of the plurality of distributed power optimizers.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the condition is a first of the plurality of distributed power optimizers having its output voltage clamped to a maximum allowed voltage.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein operating the central optimizer in a boost mode or a bypass mode comprises:

operating the central optimizer in the bypass mode responsive to all of the plurality of distributed power optimizers reporting normal state; and

operating the central optimizer in the boost mode responsive to one of more of the plurality of distributed power optimizers reporting abnormal state.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein operating the central optimizer in a boost mode or a bypass mode comprises:

maintaining the same DC voltage at the output of the central optimizer in both the boost mode and the bypass mode; and

decreasing the ratio of the DC voltage at the input to the output of the central optimizer when going from the bypass mode to the boost mode.

17. A photovoltaic power transfer system, comprising:

a plurality of central optimizer systems connected in series and/or parallel, each central optimizer system comprising;

a plurality of power modules connected in series, each of the power modules comprising;

a plurality of photovoltaic modules, each having a DC voltage output;

a plurality of distributed power optimizers, each distributed power optimizer has an input connected to the DC voltage output of one of the photovoltaic modules and an output configured to provide a DC voltage; and

a central optimizer having an output configured to provide a DC voltage and an input configured to receive a voltage that is a summation of the DC voltages from the outputs of a set of at least two of the distributed power optimizers.

18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:

a solar inverter having an input that receives a summation of the DC voltages from the outputs of the central optimizers in a series connected string of the central optimizer systems.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the plurality of central optimizer systems comprises a plurality of series connected strings of the central optimizer systems connected in parallel, wherein the solar inverter input receives a summation of the DC voltages from the outputs of the central optimizers in each of the series connected strings.

20. The system of claim 17, wherein each of the central optimizers is configured to operate in a bypass mode and in a boost mode;

and

further comprising control logic configured to switch ones of the central optimizers between the bypass mode and the boost mode responsive to a condition of one or more of the plurality of distributed power optimizers.