Property modulated materials and methods of making the same
First Claim
1. A method, comprising:
- contacting a portion of a substrate with a bath including at least two electrodepositable species;
forming a property modulated composite on the portion of the substrate by;
applying a current to the substrate at a first setting having a first determined value of beta for a first duration, beta being defined as a ratio of a value of peak cathodic current density to an absolute value of peak anodic current density, the current having a current density that is a sine waveform, the first setting producing a first material comprising the at least two electrodepositable species, the first material having a first composition and a first nanostructure defined by one or more of a first average grain size, a first grain boundary geometry, a first crystal orientation, and a first defect density; and
applying the current to the substrate at a second setting having a second determined value of beta for a second duration, the second setting producing a second material comprising the at least two electrodepositable species, the second material having a second composition and a second nanostructure defined by one or more of a second average grain size, a second grain boundary geometry, a second crystal orientation, and a second defect density,where one or more of the first average grain size differs from the second average grain size, the first grain boundary geometry differs from the second grain boundary geometry, the first crystal orientation differs from the second crystal orientation, or the first defect density differs from the second defect density.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A method of making property modulated composite materials includes depositing a first layer of material having a first microstructure/nanostructure on a substrate followed by depositing a second layer of material having a second microstructure/nanostructure that differs from the first layer. Multiple first and second layers can be deposited to form a composite material that includes a plurality of adjacent first and second layers. By controlling the microstructure/nanostructure of the layers, the material properties of the composite material formed by this method can be tailored for a specific use. The microstructures/nanostructures of the composite materials may be defined by one or more of grain size, grain boundary geometry, crystal orientation, and a defect density.
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Citations
21 Claims
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1. A method, comprising:
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contacting a portion of a substrate with a bath including at least two electrodepositable species; forming a property modulated composite on the portion of the substrate by; applying a current to the substrate at a first setting having a first determined value of beta for a first duration, beta being defined as a ratio of a value of peak cathodic current density to an absolute value of peak anodic current density, the current having a current density that is a sine waveform, the first setting producing a first material comprising the at least two electrodepositable species, the first material having a first composition and a first nanostructure defined by one or more of a first average grain size, a first grain boundary geometry, a first crystal orientation, and a first defect density; and applying the current to the substrate at a second setting having a second determined value of beta for a second duration, the second setting producing a second material comprising the at least two electrodepositable species, the second material having a second composition and a second nanostructure defined by one or more of a second average grain size, a second grain boundary geometry, a second crystal orientation, and a second defect density, where one or more of the first average grain size differs from the second average grain size, the first grain boundary geometry differs from the second grain boundary geometry, the first crystal orientation differs from the second crystal orientation, or the first defect density differs from the second defect density. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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Specification