Hemodialysis system having a flow path with a controlled compliant volume
First Claim
1. A system for performing kidney replacement treatment comprising:
- a hemodialysis system having an extracorporeal circuit, a controlled compliant dialysis circuit, a dialyzer with a dialyzer membrane, one or more controllers, and one or more pumps;
wherein the extracorporeal circuit comprisesa conduit for receiving blood from a subject;
a conduit for returning blood to the subject; and
a blood pump for conveying blood from the subject through the extracorporeal circuit and the dialyzer;
wherein the controlled compliant dialysis circuit comprisesa sorbent cartridge configured to remove at least one impurity or waste species from the dialysate, the sorbent cartridge having a dialysate inlet end and a dialysate outlet end;
a dialysate pump for conveying dialysate from the sorbent cartridge to the dialyzer and back to the sorbent cartridge;
one or more reservoirs configured to store fluid; and
one or more pumps configured to provide bi-directional flow of fluid so as to selectively adjust the volume of the controlled compliant dialysis circuit;
wherein the one or more controllers are configured to control the operation of the blood pump, the dialysate pump and the one or more pumps;
wherein the one or more pumps are configured to provide selective adjustment of the volume of the controlled compliant dialysis circuit by(A) operating in an influx direction so that fluid moves from the one or more reservoirs to the controlled compliance dialysis circuit; and
(B) operating in an efflux direction so that fluid moves from the controlled compliant dialysis circuit into the one or more reservoirs;
wherein controlled compliance of the controlled compliant dialysis circuit is achieved by actively controlling, via the one or more controllers, the influx and efflux of fluid to and from both the dialysis circuit and the extracorporeal circuit;
wherein a volume of fluid in the dialysis circuit, once the system is in operation, is substantially constant; and
wherein the hemodialysis system provides fluid balancing without the use of scales or balancing chambers.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Systems and methods for the performance of kidney replacement therapy having or using a dialyzer, control components, sorbent cartridge and fluid reservoirs configured to be of a weight and size suitable to be worn or carried by an individual requiring treatment are disclosed. The system for performing kidney replacement therapy has a controlled compliance dialysis circuit, where a control pump controls the bi-directional movement of fluid across a dialysis membrane. The dialysis circuit and an extracorporeal circuit for circulating blood are in fluid communication through the dialysis membrane. The flux of fluid moving between the extracorporeal circuit and the dialysis circuit is modified by the rate at which the control pump is operating such that a rate of ultrafiltration and convective clearance can be controlled. The system provides for the monitoring of an inlet and outlet conductivity of the sorbent cartridge to provide a facility to quantify or monitor the removal of urea by the sorbent cartridge.
431 Citations
28 Claims
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1. A system for performing kidney replacement treatment comprising:
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a hemodialysis system having an extracorporeal circuit, a controlled compliant dialysis circuit, a dialyzer with a dialyzer membrane, one or more controllers, and one or more pumps; wherein the extracorporeal circuit comprises a conduit for receiving blood from a subject; a conduit for returning blood to the subject; and a blood pump for conveying blood from the subject through the extracorporeal circuit and the dialyzer; wherein the controlled compliant dialysis circuit comprises a sorbent cartridge configured to remove at least one impurity or waste species from the dialysate, the sorbent cartridge having a dialysate inlet end and a dialysate outlet end; a dialysate pump for conveying dialysate from the sorbent cartridge to the dialyzer and back to the sorbent cartridge; one or more reservoirs configured to store fluid; and one or more pumps configured to provide bi-directional flow of fluid so as to selectively adjust the volume of the controlled compliant dialysis circuit; wherein the one or more controllers are configured to control the operation of the blood pump, the dialysate pump and the one or more pumps; wherein the one or more pumps are configured to provide selective adjustment of the volume of the controlled compliant dialysis circuit by (A) operating in an influx direction so that fluid moves from the one or more reservoirs to the controlled compliance dialysis circuit; and (B) operating in an efflux direction so that fluid moves from the controlled compliant dialysis circuit into the one or more reservoirs; wherein controlled compliance of the controlled compliant dialysis circuit is achieved by actively controlling, via the one or more controllers, the influx and efflux of fluid to and from both the dialysis circuit and the extracorporeal circuit; wherein a volume of fluid in the dialysis circuit, once the system is in operation, is substantially constant; and wherein the hemodialysis system provides fluid balancing without the use of scales or balancing chambers. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28)
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19. A system for performing kidney replacement treatment, comprising:
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a hemofiltration system having a controlled compliance filtration circuit, a hemofilter with a hemofiltration membrane, wherein a volume of fluid in the dialysis circuit once the system is in operation is substantially constant, a blood inlet end for receiving blood, a blood outlet end for allowing blood out of the hemofilter, and an ultrafiltration outlet for allowing an ultrafiltrate out of the hemofilter; an extracorporeal circuit having a conduit for receiving blood from a subject and a conduit for returning blood to the subject, and a blood pump for conveying blood from the subject, to the hemofilter and back to the subject; a hemofiltration circuit having a sorbent cartridge for removing, from the ultrafiltrate, at least one impurity or at least one waste species to generate a replacement fluid, wherein the ultrafiltrate enters an inlet end of the sorbent cartridge and a replacement fluid exits an outlet end of the sorbent cartridge, the hemofiltration circuit having one or more conduits and a filtrate pump for conveying the ultrafiltrate from the hemofilter to the sorbent cartridge and one or more conduits fluidly connecting the outlet end of the sorbent cartridge to the extracorporeal circuit at a point of introduction of replacement fluid; at least one control reservoir for storing fluid removed from the hemofiltration circuit by at least one control pump, or for storing fluid that can be added to the dialysis circuit by the at least one control pump, the at least one control reservoir fluidly connected to the hemofiltration circuit; one or more controllers for controlling a rate of the blood pump, a rate of the filtrate pump, and a rate of the at least one control pump, wherein the one or more controllers adjust a volume of fluid in the extracorporeal circuit and the hemofiltration circuit by selectively moving fluid to and from the at least one control reservoir wherein a volume of fluid in the hemofiltration circuit once the system is in operation is substantially constant; wherein controlled compliance of the controlled compliant filtration circuit is achieved by actively controlling, via the one or more controllers, the influx and efflux of fluid to and from both the dialysis circuit and the extracorporeal circuit; wherein a volume of fluid in the dialysis circuit, once the system is in operation, is substantially constant; and wherein the hemofiltration system provides fluid balancing without the use of scales or balancing chambers. - View Dependent Claims (20, 24)
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Specification