Device for interacting with neurological tissue and methods of making and using the same

• US 10,695,556 B2
• Filed: 12/05/2016
• Issued: 06/30/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 04/01/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ecole polytechnique fãdãrale de lausanne epfl (Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft)
• Original Assignee: Ecole polytechnique fãdãrale de lausanne epfl (Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft)
• Inventors: Mercanzini, Andre, Renaud, Philippe, Pollo, Claudio
• Primary Examiner(s): Stoklosa, Joseph A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Antiskay, Brian M
• Application Number:
  US15/369,766
• Publication Number:
  US 20170080210A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,303 Days
• Field of Search: 600372-374, 600377-378, 600544-545, 607115-119, 607122-123
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/046 in a matrix array
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/125 characterised by the manufacture of electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0536 Impedance imaging, e.g. by tomography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/24 Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4041 Evaluating nerves condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4893 Nerves
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/685 Microneedles
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6868 Brain
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6877 Nerve
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/12 Arrangements for detecting or locating foreign bodies
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/501 for diagnosis of the head, e.g. neuroimaging or craniography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/506 for diagnosis of nerves
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0531 Brain cortex electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0534 Electrodes for deep brain stimulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0551 Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes

Abstract

Described herein are microelectrode array devices, and methods of fabrication, assembly and use of the same, to provide highly localized neural recording and/or neural stimulation to a neurological target. The device includes multiple microelectrode elements arranged protruding shafts. The protruding shafts are enclosed within an elongated probe shaft, and can be expanded from their enclosure. The microelectrode elements, and elongated probe shafts, are dimensioned in order to target small volumes of neurons located within the nervous system, such as in the deep brain region. Beneficially, the probe can be used to quickly identify the location of a neurological target, and remain implanted for long-term monitoring and/or stimulation.

Claims

1. A probe, comprising:

an elongated shaft having a distal end and an internal lumen;

a shaft support at least partially disposed in the internal lumen, the shaft support comprising a cylindrical member and a plurality of shafts that extend from the cylindrical member; and

a microelectrode array film comprising;

a first portion disposed on the cylindrical member of the shaft support;

a second portion disposed on the distal end of the elongated shaft;

a first isolating layer defining a plurality of microelectrode film shafts extending from the cylindrical member of the shaft support;

a metal layer disposed on the first isolating layer and defining a plurality of microelectrode elements and a plurality of traces extending from a corresponding microelectrode element of the plurality of microelectrode elements to the cylindrical member of the shaft support;

a second isolating layer at least partially disposed on the metal layer;

a helical ribbon cable coupled with the first portion and the second portion of the microelectrode array film to permit movement of the plurality of microelectrode film shafts, the helical ribbon cable separating the first portion and the second portion; and

each microelectrode film shaft of the plurality of microelectrode film shafts disposed on an outside face of a respective shaft of the plurality of shafts that extend from the cylindrical member of the shaft support, each microelectrode film shaft comprising a respective microelectrode element of the plurality of microelectrode elements on the outside face of the respective shaft and a respective trace of the plurality of traces extending from the respective microelectrode element.

2. The probe of claim 1, comprising:

a stylet configured to contact the shaft support to extend the plurality of shafts from the elongated shaft.

3. The probe of claim 1, comprising:

a pull wire coupled with the shaft support to retract the plurality of shafts within the elongated shaft.

4. The probe of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of microelectrode film shafts comprise the plurality of microelectrode elements.

5. The probe of claim 1, comprising:

at least one stimulating electrode; and

at least one recording electrode.

6. The probe of claim 1, wherein the microelectrode array film comprises:

a conductive film at least partially embedded within two isolating substrates.

7. The probe of claim 1, comprising:

a central shaft centered along a longitudinal axis of the elongated shaft.

8. The probe of claim 7, comprising:

a second microelectrode film disposed on the central shaft.

9. A method, comprising:

implanting a probe comprising;

an elongated shaft having a distal end and an internal lumen;

a shaft support at least partially disposed in the internal lumen, the shaft support comprising a cylindrical member and a plurality of shafts that extends from the cylindrical member; and

a microelectrode array film comprising;

a first portion disposed on the cylindrical member of the shaft support;

a second portion disposed toward the distal end of the elongated shaft;

a first isolating layer defining a plurality of microelectrode film shafts extending from the cylindrical member of the shaft support;

a metal layer disposed on the first isolating layer and defining a plurality of microelectrode elements and a plurality of traces extending from a corresponding microelectrode element of the plurality of microelectrode elements to the cylindrical member of the shaft support;

a second isolating layer at least partially disposed on the metal layer;

a helical ribbon cable coupled with the first portion and the second portion of the microelectrode array film to permit movement of the plurality of microelectrode film shafts, the helical ribbon cable separating the first portion and the second portion; and

each microelectrode film shaft of the plurality of microelectrode film shafts disposed on an outside face of a respective shaft of the plurality of shafts that extend from the cylindrical member of the shaft support, each microelectrode film shaft comprising a respective microelectrode element of the plurality of microelectrode elements on the outside face of the respective shaft and a respective trace of the plurality of traces extending from the respective microelectrode element;

extending the plurality of shafts from the elongated shaft;

recording, with the respective microelectrode element of at least one of the plurality of microelectrode film shafts, an electrophysiological signal; and

delivering, with the respective microelectrode element of at least one of the plurality of microelectrode film shafts, a stimulation signal.

10. The method of claim 9, comprising:

extending, with a stylet contacting the shaft support, the plurality of shafts from the elongated shaft.

11. The method of claim 9, comprising:

retracting, with a pull wire, the plurality of shafts within the internal lumen the elongated shaft.

12. The method of claim 9, comprising:

recording, with the plurality of microelectrode elements, the electrophysiological signal.

13. The method of claim 9, comprising:

recording, with a first microelectrode element, the electrophysiological signal; and

delivering, with a second microelectrode element, the stimulation signal.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein the microelectrode array film comprises a conductive film at least partially embedded within two isolating substrates.

15. The method of claim 9, comprising:

extending, from the elongated shaft, a central shaft centered along a longitudinal axis of the elongated shaft.

16. The method of claim 15, comprising:

retracting, from the elongated shaft, the central shaft into the elongated shaft.