Battery module housing having an integrally-formed cooling plate

• US 10,700,395 B2
• Filed: 11/29/2016
• Issued: 06/30/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 08/09/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NIO Technology Company Limited (NIO, Inc. (China))
• Original Assignee: Nio Usa Inc. (NIO, Inc. (China))
• Inventors: Newman, Austin, Smith, Joshua
• Primary Examiner(s): Jelsma, Jonathan G
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kekia, Omar M
• Application Number:
  US15/363,004
• Publication Number:
  US 20180048039A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,309 Days
• Field of Search: 429 72
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/613 Cooling or keeping cold
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/615 Heating or keeping warm
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/625 Vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/653 characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6554 Rods or plates
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6556 Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange closed pipes H01M10/6552
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/209 adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells H01M50/216 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/227 Organic material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/271 Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A battery module has a lower housing and an upper housing. The lower housing has a plurality of generally vertical sidewalls defining a space for receiving a plurality of battery cells and a generally horizontal bottom wall. The plurality of sidewalls include a first sidewall. The lower housing further has a cooling plate integrally formed with the lower housing. The cooling plate has a support wall extending generally parallel to the bottom wall for supporting the plurality of battery cells, a plurality of generally vertical channel walls including a first channel wall, and a cooling channel for receiving a coolant fluid therein. At least a portion of the cooling channel is defined at sides thereof by the first sidewall and the first channel wall. The upper housing covers a top opening of the lower housing to form an enclosure for the plurality of battery cells.

Claims

1. A battery module housing, comprising:

a lower housing formed from a plastic material, comprising;

a plurality of generally vertical sidewalls surrounding a plate area and defining a space for receiving a plurality of battery cells; and

a generally horizontal bottom wall;

a cooling plate integrally formed from the plastic material in a portion of the lower housing, the cooling plate comprising;

a support wall extending generally parallel to the bottom wall and configured to contact and support each of the plurality of battery cells;

a plurality of generally vertical channel walls extending between the bottom wall and the support wall in the plate area, the plurality of channel walls offset from one another by a channel distance, the plurality of channel walls including a first set of channel walls attached to a first sidewall of the lower housing and offset from an opposite second sidewall of the lower housing, the plurality of channel walls including a second set of channel walls attached to the second sidewall and offset from the first sidewall, wherein each of the second set of channel walls are disposed between adjacent channel walls in the first set of channel walls;

a continuous cooling channel for receiving a coolant fluid therein, at least a portion of the continuous cooling channel being defined at sides thereof by the first set of channel walls and the second set of channel walls, the continuous cooling channel defining a cooling path in the plate area that changes flow direction at each point where a channel wall of the plurality of channel walls is offset from a sidewall of the plurality of sidewalls, wherein the continuous cooling channel spans each of the plurality of battery cells;

a single inlet disposed in a third sidewall of the generally vertical sidewalls, the third sidewall in contact with the first and second sidewalls, wherein the single inlet is in fluid communication with the continuous cooling channel on an inlet side of the lower housing; and

a single outlet disposed in a fourth sidewall of the generally vertical sidewalls, the fourth sidewall in contact with the first and second sidewalls, wherein the fourth sidewall is disposed on an opposite outlet side of the lower housing from the inlet side, wherein the single outlet is in fluid communication with the continuous cooling channel on the outlet side of the lower housing, and wherein the cooling path defines a coolant flow direction from the single inlet to the single outlet via the continuous cooling channel; and

an upper housing configured to cover a top opening of the lower housing to form an enclosure for the plurality of battery cells,

wherein the first, second, third, and fourth sidewalls are a same height that is greater than a height of the plurality of channel walls and a height of the plurality of battery cells,

wherein the single inlet and the single outlet are aligned with one another in a direction in which the first and second sidewalls extend,

wherein the first and second sidewalls are shorter in length than the third and fourth sidewalls, and

wherein the upper housing is configured to be fixed to the first, second, third, and fourth sidewalls.

2. The battery module housing of claim 1, wherein the first sidewall and each of the plurality of channel walls are directly connected to the bottom wall.

3. The battery module housing of claim 1, wherein the first sidewall extends from the bottom wall to the top opening and the plurality of channel walls extend from the bottom wall to the support wall.

4. The battery module housing of claim 1, wherein the lower housing and the cooling plate are formed from a same material.

5. The battery module housing of claim 4, wherein the material includes a thermal conductivity coefficient of less than 20 W/mK.

6. The battery module housing of claim 5, wherein the material includes a thermal conductivity coefficient of less than 1 W/mK.

7. The battery module housing of claim 1, wherein the bottom wall and the support wall are formed from different materials, with a material of the bottom wall includes a thermal conductivity coefficient which is less than a material of the support wall.

8. A battery pack for an electric vehicle, comprising:

at least one battery module comprising;

a plurality of battery cells configured to store electrical energy for use by the electric vehicle; and

a battery module housing comprising;

a lower housing formed from a plastic material and defining a space for the plurality of battery cells and including a bottom wall;

an upper housing covering the plurality of battery cells in the space; and

a cooling plate integrally formed from the plastic material in a portion of the lower housing and supporting the plurality of battery cells, the cooling plate comprising;

a support wall extending generally parallel to the bottom wall and configured to contact and support each of the plurality of battery cells;

a plurality of generally vertical channel walls extending between the bottom wall and the support wall, the plurality of channel walls offset from one another by a channel distance, the plurality of channel walls including a first set of channel walls attached to a first sidewall of the lower housing and offset from an opposite second sidewall of the lower housing, the plurality of channel walls including a second set of channel walls attached to the second sidewall and offset from the first sidewall, wherein each of the second set of channel walls are disposed between adjacent channel walls in the first set of channel walls;

a continuous cooling channel for receiving a coolant fluid therein, at least a portion of the continuous cooling channel being defined at sides thereof by the first set of channel walls and the second set of channel walls, the continuous cooling channel defining a cooling path that changes flow direction at each point where a channel wall of the plurality of channel walls is offset from a sidewall of the lower housing, wherein the continuous cooling channel spans each of the plurality of battery cells;

a single inlet disposed in a third sidewall of the generally vertical sidewalls, the third sidewall in contact with the first and second sidewalls, wherein the single inlet is in fluid communication with the continuous cooling channel on an inlet side of the lower housing; and

a single outlet disposed in a fourth sidewall of the generally vertical sidewalls, the fourth sidewall in contact with the first and second sidewalls, wherein the fourth sidewall is disposed on an opposite side of the lower housing from the inlet side, wherein the single outlet is in fluid communication with the continuous cooling channel on the outlet side of the lower housing, and wherein the cooling path defines a coolant flow direction from the single inlet to the single outlet via the continuous cooling channel,

wherein the first, second, third, and fourth sidewalls are a same height that is greater than a height of the plurality of channel walls and a height of the plurality of battery cells,

wherein the single inlet and the single outlet are aligned with one another in a direction in which the first and second sidewalls extend,

wherein the first and second sidewalls are shorter in length than the third and fourth sidewalls, and

wherein the upper housing is configured to be fixed to the first, second, third, and fourth sidewalls.

9. The battery pack of claim 8, wherein the plurality of battery cells are arranged directly on the support wall.

10. The battery pack of claim 8, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth sidewalls extend from the bottom wall to a top opening, the support wall being directly connected to the first, second, third, and fourth, sidewalls at the ends thereof.

11. The battery pack of claim 10, wherein the bottom wall, the support wall, the plurality of channel walls, and the plurality of sidewalls are formed from a same material.

12. The battery pack of claim 11, wherein the material includes a thermal conductivity of less than 20 W/mK.

13. The battery pack of claim 12, wherein the material includes a thermal conductivity coefficient of less than 1 W/mK.

14. The battery pack of claim 8, further comprising a supporting structure including a module support wall that extends between axles of the electric vehicle, wherein the at least one battery module is positioned on the module support wall with the bottom wall in contact with the module support wall.

15. A method of manufacturing a battery module housing, comprising:

injection molding a lower housing from a plastic material such that the lower housing includes;

a plurality of generally vertical sidewalls defining a space for receiving a plurality of battery cells;

a generally horizontal bottom wall;

a support wall extending generally parallel to the bottom wall and configured to contact and support each of the plurality of battery cells;

a plurality of generally vertical channel walls extending from the bottom wall to the support wall, the plurality of channel walls offset from one another by a channel distance, the plurality of channel walls including a first set of channel walls attached to a first sidewall of the lower housing and offset from an opposite second sidewall of the lower housing, the plurality of channel walls including a second set of channel walls attached to the second sidewall and offset from the first sidewall, wherein each of the second set of channel walls are disposed between adjacent channel walls in the first set of channel walls;

a single inlet disposed in a third sidewall of the generally vertical sidewalls, the third sidewall in contact with the first and second sidewalls; and

a single outlet disposed in a fourth sidewall of the generally vertical sidewalls, the fourth sidewall in contact with the first and second sidewalls, wherein the fourth sidewall is disposed on an opposite outlet side of the lower housing from the inlet side,

wherein a continuous cooling channel for receiving a coolant fluid therein is defined at sides thereof by the first set of channel walls and the second set of channel walls and defined at a top and bottom thereof by the support wall and the bottom wall, respectively, the continuous cooling channel defining a cooling path that changes flow direction at each point where a channel wall of the plurality of channel walls is offset from a sidewall of the plurality of sidewalls, wherein the continuous cooling channel spans each of the plurality of battery cells,

wherein the single inlet is in fluid communication with the continuous cooling channel on an inlet side of the lower housing,

wherein the single outlet is in fluid communication with the continuous cooling channel on the outlet side of the lower housing,

wherein the cooling path defines a coolant flow direction from the single inlet to the single outlet via the continuous cooling channel,

wherein the first, second, third, and fourth sidewalls are a same height that is greater than a height of the plurality of channel walls and a height of the plurality of battery cells,

wherein the single inlet and the single outlet are aligned with one another in a direction in which the first and second sidewalls extend,

wherein the first and second sidewalls are shorter in length than the third and fourth sidewalls, and

wherein the upper housing is configured to be fixed to the first, second, third, and fourth sidewalls.