Quantum resistant blockchain with multi-dimensional quantum key distribution

• US 10,708,046 B1
• Filed: 11/04/2019
• Issued: 07/07/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 11/08/2018
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nxgen Partners Ip, LLC (NxGen Partners LLC)
• Original Assignee: Nxgen Partners Ip, LLC (NxGen Partners LLC)
• Inventors: Ashrafi, Solyman
• Primary Examiner(s): Brown, Christopher J
• Application Number:
  US16/673,447
• Time in Patent Office: 246 Days
• Field of Search: 713171
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0637 Modes of operation, e.g. cipher block chaining [CBC], electronic codebook [ECB] or Galois/counter mode [GCM]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0643 Hash functions, e.g. MD5, SHA, HMAC or f9 MAC
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0656 Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence, e.g. one-time-pad [OTP] or Vernam's cipher
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0841 involving Diffie-Hellman or related key agreement protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0852 Quantum cryptography transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. light, infrared H04B10/00; wavelength-division multiplex systems H04J14/02; WDM arrangements H04J14/03
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0858 Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3239 involving non-keyed hash functions, e.g. modification detection codes [MDCs], MD5, SHA or RIPEMD
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3247 involving digital signatures
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/50 using hash chains, e.g. blockchains or hash trees

Abstract

A system for generating a blockchain comprises first circuitry for receiving a first group of data. Blockchain processing circuitry generates a blockchain for a plurality of groups of data. The blockchain processing circuitry generates the blockchain by generating a first nonce for a first block of the blockchain. The blockchain processing circuitry performs a first hash using the first group of data and the first nonce as an input to a hash function to generate a first digital signature for the first block as an output. The hash function uses encryption based on quantum key distribution using N-state qudits where N is greater than 2. The block chain processing circuitry receives a second group of data and generates a second nonce for a second block of the blockchain. A second hash is performed using the second group of data, the second nonce and the first digital signature to generate a second digital signature for the second block as an output. The hash function uses encryption based on the quantum key distribution using N-state qudits where N is greater than 2.

Claims

1. A method for generating a blockchain, comprising:

receiving a first group of data;

generating a first nonce for a first block of the blockchain;

performing a first hash using the first group of data and the first nonce as an input to a hash function to generate a first digital signature for the first block, wherein the hash function uses encryption based on quantum key distribution using N-state qudits, where N is greater than 2;

establishing the first block of the blockchain using the first group of data, the first nonce and the first digital signature;

receiving a second group of data;

generating a second nonce for a second block of the blockchain;

performing a second hash using the second group of data, the second nonce and the first digital signature as an input to the hash function to generate a second digital signature for the second block, wherein the hash function uses encryption based on the quantum key distribution using N-state qudits, where N is greater than 2; and

establishing the second block of the blockchain using the second group of data, the second nonce, the first digital signature and the second digital signature.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing the first hash further comprises performing the first hash using the first group of data, the first nonce and a digital signature from a previously generated block in the blockchain to generate the first digital signature for the first block as an output, wherein the hash function uses encryption based on the quantum key distribution using N-state qudits, where N is greater than 2.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the hash function further uses quantum key distribution using orbital angular momentum to perform the first hash.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing the first hash further comprises:

receiving the first group of data and the first nonce;

generating a first secret key using a quantum key generation process;

generating the first digital signature using the generated first secret key.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of generating the first secret key further comprises:

selecting a series of random bits;

assigning a random basis to each of the selected series of random bits;

generating a first photon polarization state for each of the selected series of random bits responsive to the selected series of random bits and the assigned random basis for the selected series of random bits; and

determining the first secret key responsive to matching portions of the first photon polarization states and second photon polarization states.

6. The method of claim 4 further including processing the first group of data and the first nonce to associate with the first group of data and the first nonce an orthogonal function.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the orthogonal function comprises at least one of a modified Hermite polynomials, Jacobi polynomials, Gegenbauer polynomials, Legendre polynomials, Chebyshev polynomials and Laguerre functions.

8. A system for generating a blockchain, comprising:

first circuitry for receiving a first group of data;

blockchain processing circuitry for generating the blockchain for a plurality of groups of data, wherein the blockchain processing circuitry generates the blockchain by;

generating a first nonce for a first block of the blockchain;

performing a first hash using the first group of data and the first nonce as an input to a hash function to generate a first digital signature for the first block, wherein the hash function uses encryption based on quantum key distribution using N-state qudits, where N is greater than 2;

establishing the first block of the blockchain using the first group of data, the first nonce and the first digital signature;

receiving a second group of data;

generating a second nonce for a second block of the blockchain;

performing a second hash using the second group of data, the second nonce and the first digital signature as an input to the hash function to generate a second digital signature for the second block, wherein the hash function uses encryption based on the quantum key distribution using N-state qudits, where N is greater than 2; and

establishing the second block of the blockchain using the second group of data, the second nonce, the first digital signature and the second digital signature.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the blockchain processing circuitry performs the first hash by performing the first hash using the first group of data, the first nonce and a digital signature from a previously generated block in the blockchain to generate the first digital signature for the first block as the output, wherein the hash function uses encryption based on the quantum key distribution using N-state qudits, where N is greater than 2.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the hash function further uses quantum key distribution using orbital angular momentum to perform the first hash.

11. The system of claim 8, wherein the blockchain processing circuitry performs the first hash by:

receiving the first group of data and the first nonce;

generating a first secret key using a quantum key generation process;

generating the first digital signature using the generated first secret key.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the blockchain processing circuitry generates the first secret key by:

selecting a series of random bits;

assigning a random basis to each of the selected series of random bits;

generating a first photon polarization state for each of the selected series of random bits responsive to the selected series of random bits and the assigned random basis for the selected series of random bits; and

determining the first secret key responsive to matching portions of the first photon polarization states and second photon polarization states.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein the blockchain processing circuitry further processes the first group of data and the first nonce to associate with the first group of data and the first nonce an orthogonal function.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the orthogonal function comprises at least one of a modified Hermite polynomials, Jacobi polynomials, Gegenbauer polynomials, Legendre polynomials, Chebyshev polynomials and Laguerre functions.

15. A method for generating a blockchain, comprising receiving a first group of data;

generating a first nonce for a first block of the blockchain;

performing a first hash using the first group of data, the first nonce and a digital signature from a previously generated block in the blockchain as an input to a hash function to generate a first digital signature for the first block, wherein the hash function uses encryption based on quantum key distribution using N-state qudits with orbital angular momentum, where N is greater than 2;

establishing the first block of the blockchain using the first group of data, the first nonce and the first digital signature;

receiving a second group of data;

generating a second nonce for a second block of the blockchain;

performing a second hash using the second group of data, the second nonce and the first digital signature as an input to the hash function to generate a second digital signature for the second block, wherein the hash function uses encryption based on the quantum key distribution using N-state qudits with orbital angular momentum, where N is greater than 2; and

establishing the second block of the blockchain using the second group of data, the second nonce, the first digital signature and the second digital signature.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of performing the first hash further comprises:

receiving the first group of data and the first nonce;

generating a first secret key using a quantum key generation process;

generating the first digital signature using the generated first secret key.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of generating the first secret key further comprises:

selecting a series of random bits;

assigning a random basis to each of the selected series of random bits;

generating a first photon polarization state for each of the selected series of random bits responsive to the selected series of random bits and the assigned random basis for the selected series of random bits; and

determining the first secret key responsive to matching portions of the first photon polarization states and second photon polarization states.

18. The method of claim 16 further including processing the first group of data and the first nonce to associate with the first group of data and the first nonce an orthogonal function.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the orthogonal function comprises at least one of a modified Hermite polynomials, Jacobi polynomials, Gegenbauer polynomials, Legendre polynomials, Chebyshev polynomials and Laguerre functions.

20. A system for generating a blockchain, comprising first circuitry for receiving a first group of data;

blockchain processing circuitry for generating the blockchain for a plurality of groups of data, wherein the blockchain processing generates the blockchain by;

generating a first nonce for a first block of the blockchain;

performing a first hash using the first group of data, the first nonce and a digital signature from a previously generated block in the blockchain as an input to a hash function to generate a first digital signature for the first block, wherein the hash function uses encryption based on quantum key distribution using N-state qudits with orbital angular momentum, where N is greater than 2;

establishing the first block of the blockchain using the first group of data, the first nonce and the first digital signature;

receiving a second group of data;

generating a second nonce for a second block of the blockchain;

performing a second hash using the second group of data, the second nonce and the first digital signature as an input to the hash function to generate a second digital signature for the second block, wherein the hash function uses encryption based on the quantum key distribution using N-state qudits with orbital angular momentum, where N is greater than 2; and

establishing the second block of the blockchain using the second group of data, the second nonce, the first digital signature and the second digital signature.