Channel sounding techniques

• US 10,708,086 B2
• Filed: 01/18/2017
• Issued: 07/07/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 01/19/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: National Instruments Corporation (Emerson Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: National Instruments Corporation (Emerson Electric Company)
• Inventors: Gul, Malik Muhammad Usman, Aziz, Ahsan, McCoy, James Wesley
• Primary Examiner(s): Thier, Michael
• Assistant Examiner(s): Cox, Brian P
• Application Number:
  US15/409,261
• Publication Number:
  US 20170207931A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,266 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/0059 CAZAC [constant-amplitude and zero auto-correlation]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/022 of frequency response
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0224 using sounding signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03159 operating in the frequency domain H04L25/03165, H04L25/03178 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/001 Synchronization between nodes

Abstract

Techniques are disclosed relating to channel sounding. In some embodiments a transmitter transmits a periodic CAZAC sequence beginning at a point in time that corresponds to a timing signal (e.g., a pulse-per-second signal). In some embodiments, a receiver waits to begin processing received sequences for a time interval corresponding to the length of the CAZAC sequence, where the time interval begins at the same time as the timing signal. This may avoid a need for timing synchronization prior to processing, reduce processing and latency in receiver implementations, and may allow determination of a TOA as well as a channel impulse response estimate by correlating a received cyclically-shifted CAZAC sequence with a local version of the transmitted CAZAC sequence.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

a channel sounding transmitter transmitting a repeated Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequence over a wireless channel in response to a first timing signal at the transmitter;

a channel sounding receiver receiving a circularly-shifted CAZAC sequence over the wireless channel in response to the transmission; and

processing the received circularly-shifted CAZAC sequence to generate a time of arrival (TOA) and a channel impulse response (CIR) estimate for the wireless channel, wherein the processing begins based on samples received after a point in time and includes correlation of received samples with at least a portion of a local version of the transmitted CAZAC sequence, wherein the point in time corresponds to the length of the CAZAC sequence after a second timing signal that is synchronized to occur at a same target time as the first timing signal, and wherein the correlation operates only on samples received after the point in time.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing is performed without performing synchronization to determine a beginning of the received CAZAC sequence.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing includes averaging multiple circularly-shifted CAZAC sequences prior to performing a fast Fourier transform (FFT) and correlating the average of the circularly-shifted CAZAC sequences with a local version of the CAZAC sequence.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the averaging is performed by a programmable hardware element and the correlating is performed by a processor.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the channel sounding transmitter and channel sounding receiver are coupled to the same clock and the first timing signal and the second timing signal are the same signal.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

synchronizing clocks on the transmitter and receiver;

wherein the first timing signal and the second timing signal occur at different times that are substantially the same as the target time due to clock drift.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second timing signals are pulse-per-second (PPS) signals.

8. A system, comprising:

one or more processors configured to;

receive a circularly-shifted Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequence from a wireless channel;

detect a timing signal that is synchronized to occur at a same target time as a timing signal at a transmitter of the CAZAC sequence that is used by the transmitter to initiate transmission of the sequence, wherein the CAZAC sequence is transmitted in a repeated manner by the transmitter; and

process the received circularly-shifted CAZAC sequence to generate a time of arrival (TOA) and a channel impulse response (CIR) of the wireless channel, wherein the processing begins based on samples received after a point in time and includes correlation of received samples with at least a portion of a local version of the transmitted CAZAC sequence, wherein the point in time corresponds to the length of the CAZAC sequence after the timing signal and wherein the correlation operates only on samples received after the point in time.

9. The system of claim 8, further comprising:

the transmitter, wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit the CAZAC sequence based on the synchronized timing signal.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the transmitter and a receiver that includes the one or more processors are physically coupled during the transmission and reception.

11. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are configured to process the received circularly-shifted CAZAC sequence without performing synchronization to determine a beginning of the received CAZAC sequence.

12. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:

generate an average of multiple circularly-shifted CAZAC sequences; and

correlate the average with a local version of the CAZAC sequence.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:

perform a frequency transform on the average prior to the correlation.

14. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors include a programmable hardware element configured to generate the average and a processor configured to process the average.

15. The system of claim 8, wherein the timing signal is a pulse-per-second (PPS) signal and wherein the TOA and the CIR of the wireless channel are useable in creating a model of the wireless channel.

16. The system of claim 8, wherein the timing signal is synchronized between the transmitter and receiver prior to transmission of the CAZAC sequence and wherein the receiver and transmitter are not physically coupled during the transmission of the CAZAC sequence.

17. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon design information that specifies a design of at least a portion of a hardware circuit in a format recognized by a computing system configured to process the design information to implement the circuit according to the design, wherein the design information specifies that the implemented circuit includes:

one or more processors configured to;

receive a circularly-shifted Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequence from a wireless channel;

detect a timing signal that is synchronized to occur at a same target time as a timing signal at a transmitter of the CAZAC sequence that is used by the transmitter to initiate transmission of the sequence, wherein the CAZAC sequence is transmitted in a repeated manner by the transmitter; and

process the received circularly-shifted CAZAC sequence to generate a time of arrival (TOA) and a channel impulse response (CIR) of the wireless channel, wherein the processing begins based on samples received after a point in time and includes correlation of received samples with at least a portion of a local version of the transmitted CAZAC sequence, wherein the point in time corresponds to the length of the CAZAC sequence after the timing signal and wherein the correlation operates only on samples received after the point in time.