Method and system for generating a characteristic identifier for digital data and for detecting identical digital data
First Claim
1. A method for generating a characteristic identifier for digital data, comprising the steps of:
- mapping frequency coordinates and peak values, of a predetermined number of prominent peaks occurring in an energy spectrum generated from the digital data, into a number of equivalence classes, and wherein the peak values for all equivalent frequency coordinates are summed into one of the equivalence classes; and
generating the characteristic identifier comprising results of the equivalence transformation.
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Abstract
A characteristic identifier for digital data is generated. Thereby, the information contained in a digital data set is reduced such that the resulting identifier is made comparable to another identifier made in the same manner. The generated identifiers are used for detecting identical digital data or to determine inexact copies of digital data. In one embodiment of the invention, the digital data is a digital audio signal and the characteristic identifier is called an audio signature. The comparison of identical audio data according to the invention can be carried out without a person actually listening to the audio data. The present invention can be used to establish automated processes to find potential unauthorized copies of audio data, e.g., music recordings, and therefore enables a better enforcement of copyrights in the audio industry.
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Citations
24 Claims
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1. A method for generating a characteristic identifier for digital data, comprising the steps of:
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mapping frequency coordinates and peak values, of a predetermined number of prominent peaks occurring in an energy spectrum generated from the digital data, into a number of equivalence classes, and wherein the peak values for all equivalent frequency coordinates are summed into one of the equivalence classes; and
generating the characteristic identifier comprising results of the equivalence transformation. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4)
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5. A method for generating a characteristic identifier for digital data, comprising the steps of:
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generating an energy spectrum from the digital data;
selecting a predetermined number of prominent peaks from the energy spectrum;
selecting frequency coordinates belonging to the prominent peaks;
transforming the frequency coordinates into an interval scale;
quantizing the frequency coordinates;
applying an equivalence transformation to the quantized frequency coordinates and peak values of the prominent peaks, wherein a constant number of equivalence classes is used, and wherein the peak values for all equivalent frequency coordinates are summed into one of the equivalence classes; and
generating the characteristic identifier comprising results of the equivalence transformation. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. System for generating a characteristic identifier for digital data, the system comprising:
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a signature generator comprising a data input module;
a spectrum module connected to the data input module, the spectrum module generating an energy spectrum from the digital data;
a peak selection module connected to the spectrum module, the peak selection module selecting a predetermined number of prominent peaks from the energy spectrum and selecting frequency coordinates belonging to the prominent peaks;
a peak quantization module connected to the peak selection module, the peak quantization module transforming the frequency coordinates into an interval scale and quantizing the frequency coordinates;
a peak folding module connected to the peak quantization module, the peak folding module applying an equivalence transformation to the quantized frequency coordinates and peak values of the prominent peaks, wherein a constant number of equivalence classes is used, and wherein the peak values for all equivalent frequency coordinates are summed into one of the equivalence classes, the peak folding module generating the characteristic identifier comprising results of the equivalence transformation; and
a data output module connected to the peak folding module. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A computer program product for generating a characteristic identifier for digital data, the computer program product directly loadable into an internal memory of a computer, comprising software code portions comprising:
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a step to generate an energy spectrum from the digital data;
a step to select a predetermined number of prominent peaks from the energy spectrum;
a step to select frequency coordinates belonging to the prominent peaks;
a step to transform the frequency coordinates into an interval scale;
a step to quantize the frequency coordinates;
a step to apply an equivalence transformation to the quantized frequency coordinates and peak values of the prominent peaks, wherein a constant number of equivalence classes is used, and wherein the peak values for all equivalent frequency coordinates are summed into one of the equivalence classes; and
a step to generate the characteristic identifier comprising results of the equivalence transformation. - View Dependent Claims (22)
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23. A computer system for generating a characteristic identifier for digital data, the computer system comprising an internal memory and an execution environment, the execution environment configured to:
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generate an energy spectrum from the digital data;
select a predetermined number of prominent peaks from the energy spectrum;
select frequency coordinates belonging to the prominent peaks;
transform the frequency coordinates into an interval scale;
quantize the frequency coordinates;
apply an equivalence transformation to the quantized frequency coordinates and peak values of the prominent peaks, wherein a constant number of equivalence classes is used, and wherein the peak values for all equivalent frequency coordinates are summed into one of the equivalence classes; and
generate the characteristic identifier comprising results of the equivalence transformation. - View Dependent Claims (24)
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Specification