Carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage, production method thereof, and electrochemical device and fuel cell using the same
First Claim
1. A material for hydrogen storage comprising a carbonaceous material for storing an amount of hydrogen in a form of protons.
1 Assignment
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
A carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage capable of storing hydrogen in the form of protons is provided. The carbonaceous material is composed of molecules having structural curvatures and has a work function of 4.9 eV or more. The carbonaceous material can be produced by an arc discharge process using a carbon based electrode. Examples of these carbonaceous materials include a baked body composed of a polymer produced from fullerenes by baking thereof, a polymer produced from fullerenes by electrolytic polymerization, a carbonaceous derivative produced by introducing groups allowing hydrogen bonding with protons to a carbonaceous material, and a carbonaceous material composed of molecules having structural bending portions. The carbonaceous materials for hydrogen storage are used for electrochemical devices, such as an alkali battery, air cell, and a fuel cell.
70 Citations
164 Claims
- 1. A material for hydrogen storage comprising a carbonaceous material for storing an amount of hydrogen in a form of protons.
- 18. A material for hydrogen storage comprising a carbonaceous material consisting essentially of a polymer of at least one type of fallerene molecule.
- 46. A material for hydrogen storage, comprising a carbonaceous material derivative formed by introducing groups to a carbonaceous material consisting essentially of carbon wherein the groups allow hydrogen bonding with protons.
- 54. A material for hydrogen storage, comprising a carbonaceous material having a structural bending portion.
- 59. A material for hydrogen storage, comprising a carbonaceous material having a plurality of fine metal particles supported thereon, wherein the material exhibits a catalytic ability to separate a hydrogen molecule into hydrogen atoms and to further separate hydrogen atoms into protons and electrons.
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69. A carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage, comprising:
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means for adsorbing a plurality of hydrogen molecules;
means for dissociating the hydrogen molecules into a respective number of hydrogen atoms; and
means for separating the hydrogen atoms into a respective number of protons and electrons.
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70. A material for hydrogen storage, comprising a carbonaceous material having a surface capable of dissociating a plurality of hydrogen molecules into a respective number of hydrogen atoms wherein the hydrogen atoms are further separated into a respective number of protons and electrons.
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71. A material for hydrogen storage, comprising a carbonaceous material exhibiting an electron-accepting ability to dissociate a plurality of hydrogen molecules into a respective number of hydrogen atoms so as to further separate the hydrogen atoms into a respective number of protons and electrons.
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72. A hydrogen storage material, comprising a carbonaceous material having a work function for dissociating a plurality of hydrogen molecules into a respective number of hydrogen atoms so as to further separate the hydrogen atoms into a respective number of protons and electrons.
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73. A hydrogen storage material, comprising a carbonaceous material having a structural element exhibiting an electron-accepting ability to dissociate a plurality of hydrogen molecules into a respective number of hydrogen atoms so as to further separate the hydrogen atoms into a respective number of protons and electrons.
- 74. A hydrogen storage medium comprising a material, wherein at least one of a direct current resistance of the material in a hydrogen storage state is at least 50% lower than a direct current resistance of the material in a hydrogen non-storage state, and a real number portion of a complex impedance component of the material in the hydrogen storage state is at least 50% lower than a real number portion of a complex impedance component of the material in the hydrogen non-storage state.
- 79. A hydrogen storage medium comprising a material produced by applying a positive voltage to the material under a gas atmosphere containing hydrogen.
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83. An electrochemical device, comprising:
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a negative electrode;
a positive electrode, wherein at least one of the negative electrode and the positive electrode includes a carbonaceous material capable of storing an amount of hydrogen in a form of protons; and
an electrolyte disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. - View Dependent Claims (84, 85)
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86. An electrochemical device, comprising:
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a negative electrode;
a positive electrode, wherein at least one of the negative electrode and the positive electrode includes a material for hydrogen storage, and wherein at least one of a direct current resistance of the material in a hydrogen storage state is at least 50% lower than a direct current resistance of the material in a hydrogen non-storage state, and a real number portion of a complex impedance component of the material in the hydrogen storage state is at least 50% lower than a real number portion of a complex impedance component of the material in the hydrogen non-storage state; and
an electrolyte disposed between the negative electrode and positive electrode. - View Dependent Claims (87, 88)
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89. An electrochemical device, comprising:
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a negative electrode;
a positive electrode, wherein at least one of the negative electrode and the positive electrode includes a hydrogen storage material which is formed by placing a material capable of storing hydrogen in a gas atmosphere containing hydrogen and applying a positive voltage to the material; and
an electrolyte disposed between the negative electrode and positive electrode.
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90. An electrochemical device, comprising:
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a negative electrode;
a positive electrode, wherein at least one of the negative electrode and the positive electrode includes a carbonaceous material consisting essentially of a polymer of at least one type of fullerene molecule; and
an electrolyte disposed between the negative electrode and positive electrode. - View Dependent Claims (91, 92, 93)
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94. An electrochemical device, comprising:
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a negative electrode;
a positive electrode, wherein at least one of the negative electrode and the positive electrode includes a carbonaceous material derivative formed by introducing groups to a carbonaceous material consisting essentially of carbon wherein the groups allow hydrogen bonding with protons; and
an electrolyte disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. - View Dependent Claims (95, 96)
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97. An electrochemical device, comprising:
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a negative electrode;
a positive electrode, wherein at least one of the negative electrode and the positive electrode includes a carbonaceous material having a plurality of molecules forming a structural bending portion of the carbonaceous material; and
an electrolyte disposed between the negative electrode and positive electrode. - View Dependent Claims (98, 99)
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100. An electrochemical device, comprising:
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a negative electrode;
a positive electrode, wherein at least one of the negative electrode and the positive electrode includes a carbonaceous material having a plurality of fine metal particles supported thereon, wherein the carbonaceous material exhibits a catalytic ability to separate a hydrogen molecule into hydrogen atoms and to further separate hydrogen atoms into protons and electrons; and
an electrolyte disposed between the negative electrode and positive electrode. - View Dependent Claims (101, 102)
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103. A fuel cell, comprising:
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a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a proton conductor configured in a stack arrangement; and
a hydrogen storage portion including a carbonaceous material for storing hydrogen in a form of protons, wherein the hydrogen storage portion supplies an amount of hydrogen to the negative electrode.
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104. A fuel cell, comprising:
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a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a proton conductor configured in a stack arrangement; and
a hydrogen storage portion including a material capable of storing hydrogen in a form of protons, wherein the hydrogen storage portion supplies an amount of hydrogen to the negative electrode, and wherein at least one of a direct current resistance of the material in a hydrogen storage state is at least 50% lower than a direct current resistance of the material in a hydrogen non-storage state, and a real number portion of a complex impedance component of the material in the hydrogen storage state is at least 50% lower than a real number portion of a complex impedance component of the material in the hydrogen non-storage state.
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105. A fuel cell, comprising:
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a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a proton conductor configured in a stack arrangement; and
a hydrogen supply portion including a hydrogen storage material for supplying hydrogen to the negative electrode, and further including a voltage source for applying a positive voltage to the material. - View Dependent Claims (106, 107)
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108. A fuel cell, comprising:
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a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a proton conductor configured in a stack arrangement; and
a hydrogen storage portion including a carbonaceous material for storing hydrogen, the carbonaceous material consisting essentially of a polymer of at least one type of fullerene molecule, wherein the hydrogen storage portion supplies hydrogen to the negative electrode. - View Dependent Claims (109)
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110. A fuel cell, comprising:
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a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a proton conductor configured in a stack arrangement; and
a hydrogen storage portion including a carbonaceous material derivative formed by introducing groups allowing hydrogen bonding with protons to a carbonaceous material consisting essentially of carbon, wherein the hydrogen storage portion supplies hydrogen to the negative electrode.
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111. A fuel cell, comprising:
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a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a proton conductor configured in a stack arrangement; and
a hydrogen storage portion including a carbonaceous material having a plurality of molecules forming a structural bending portion of the carbonaceous material, wherein the hydrogen storage portion supplies hydrogen to the negative electrode.
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112. A fuel cell, comprising:
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a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a proton conductor configured in a stack arrangement; and
a hydrogen storage portion including a carbonaceous material having a plurality of fine metal particles supported thereon, wherein the carbonaceous material exhibits a catalytic ability to separate a hydrogen molecule into hydrogen atoms and to further separate hydrogen atoms into protons and electrons, wherein the hydrogen storage portion supplies hydrogen to the negative electrode.
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113. A method of producing a hydrogen storage material, the method comprising the steps of:
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providing a material capable of storing hydrogen;
placing the material in a gas atmosphere containing hydrogen; and
applying a positive voltage to the material. - View Dependent Claims (114, 115, 116)
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117. A method of producing a carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage, the method comprising the steps of:
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providing a material of at least one type of fullerene molecule Cn, wherein n equals an even integer of at least 20 such that the material has a spherical molecular structure; and
baking the material in a non-oxidizing gas to polymerize the at least one type of fullerene molecule Cn - View Dependent Claims (118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134)
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135. A method of producing a carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage, the method comprising the steps of:
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providing a carbonaceous material consisting essentially of carbon; and
introducing groups to the carbonaceous material by one of baking the carbonaceous material in a gas atmosphere containing the groups and treating the carbonaceous material in a solution containing the groups, wherein the groups allow hydrogen bonding with protons. - View Dependent Claims (136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144)
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145. A method of producing a material for hydrogen storage, the method comprising the steps of:
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providing a carbonaceous material having a surface;
providing a metal-based material; and
supporting a plurality of fine metal particles obtained from the metal-based material on the surface of the carbonaceous material, wherein the fine metal particles exhibit a catalytic ability to separate at least one hydrogen molecule into hydrogen atoms and to further separate hydrogen atoms into protons and electrons. - View Dependent Claims (146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154)
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155. A method of controlling a release of hydrogen from a hydrogen storage material, the method comprising the steps of:
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applying a first positive voltage to the hydrogen storage material to stop the release of hydrogen therefrom; and
applying a second positive voltage, which is lower than the first positive voltage, to the hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen therefrom. - View Dependent Claims (156, 157, 158)
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159. A method of controlling a release of hydrogen for a fuel cell, wherein the fuel cell includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a proton conductor configured in a stack arrangement, and further includes a hydrogen supply portion containing a hydrogen storage material, the method comprising the steps of:
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supplying hydrogen to the negative electrode from the hydrogen storage material; and
controlling the supplying of hydrogen to the negative electrode by controlling a positive voltage applied to the material. - View Dependent Claims (160)
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- 161. A method of controlling a release of hydrogen for a fuel cell as claimed in 160, wherein the carbonaceous material includes a carbon based material having a large surface area and composed of molecules having structural curvatures.
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163. A hydrogen storage and release system, comprising:
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a chamber for containing a hydrogen storage material;
a voltage source for applying a positive voltage to the material; and
a controller for controlling the voltage source. - View Dependent Claims (164)
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Specification