Metal-air fuel cell battery system employing metal-fuel cards

• US 20010023036A1
• Filed: 01/11/2001
• Published: 09/20/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 10/06/1997
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Sadeg M. Faris, Tsepin Tsai, Wayne Yao, Yuen-Ming Chang
• Original Assignee: Sadeg M. Faris, Tsepin Tsai, Wayne Yao, Yuen-Ming Chang
• Inventors: Faris, Sadeg M., Yao, Wayne, Chang, Yuen-Ming, Tsai, Tsepin
• Granted Patent: US 6,544,678 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 429/27
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/40 DC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/72 Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/33 by cooling
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4214 Arrangements for moving electrodes or electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/06 with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/08 composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/024 Insertable electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0085 Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/42 Alloys based on zinc
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8605 Porous electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/46 Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/5011 for several cells simultaneously or successively
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/184 Regeneration by electrochemical means
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/186 by electrolytic decomposition of the electrolytic solution or the formed water product
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/22 Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 : Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

Improved metal-air fuel cell battery systems having metal-fuel realized in the form of metal-fuel tape cartridges and metal-fuel cards, which can be either manually or automatically inserted within the power generation bay of the system. In order to produce a range of output voltages, the metal-fuel tape has a plurality of electrically-isolated metal-fuel tracks and the metal-fuel cards have a plurality of electrically-isolated metal-fuel strips. An output voltage configuration subsystem is provided for configuring the voltages produced by the individual cells to produce a desired output. A subsystem is provided for detecting oxide formation on the metal-fuel tracks and strips so that only metal-fuel that has been oxidized is reduced during recharging operations. A subsystem is also provided for controlling the flow of oxygen into the power generation head in order to control the power output from the system.

Claims

1. A metal-air fuel cell battery (FCB) system, comprising:

first and second output power supply terminals for supplying electrical power to an electrical load at a prespecified output voltage;

a cathode support structure for supporting an electrically-conductive cathode element pervious to oxygen and an ionic medium for providing a source of ions at said electrically-conductive cathode element;

a metal-fuel element, functioning as an electrically-conductive anode element, adjacent said electrically conductive cathode element;

an anode contacting structure for supporting an electrically conductive element in electrical contact with said metal-fuel element, with said ionic medium disposed between said electrically-conductive element and said electrically-conductive cathode element;

a first electrically-conductive pathway from said electrically conductive cathode element to said first output power supply terminal; and

a second electrically-conductive pathway from said electrically conductive anode element to said second output power supply terminal.

2. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 1

, wherein said cathode support structure has a recess for supporting said electrically-conductive cathode element.

3. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 1

, wherein said ionic medium comprises an electrolyte-impregnated pad disposed over said electrically-conductive cathode element within said recess.

4. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 1

, wherein said cathode element comprises an electrically-conductive mesh substrate to which said first conductor is electrically connected, and porous carbon material adhered to said electrically-conductive mesh substrate.

5. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 4

, wherein said electrically-conductive mesh substrate is made of nickel, and said electrically-conductive anode element is made of zinc.

6. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 5

, wherein said electrically-conductive cathode element further comprises a catalyst material such as platinum embodied within said porous carbon material.

7. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 1

, which further comprises said cathode support structure comprises

a cathode support plate having a recess for supporting said electrically-conductive cathode element, and

a plurality of air holes formed in a surface of said recess to permit ambient air to flow through said electrically-conductive cathode element.

8. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 1

, which further comprises

air-throttling means associated with said cathode support structure, for throttling the flow of ambient air through said plurality of air holes.

9. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 1

, which further comprises

means for sensing the partial oxygen pressure (PO2) within said electrically-conductive cathode element, and producing an electrical signal indicative thereof.

10. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 1

, which further comprises

means for sensing the electrical current flowing into said electrical load, and

means for sensing the electrical voltage across said electrical load.

11. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 8

, which further comprises a system controller for controlling said air-throttling means.

12. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 11

, wherein said system controller comprises a microcontroller.

13. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 1

, which further comprises a metal fuel support structure for supporting said metal fuel element.

14. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 1

, which further comprise

means for transporting said metal-fuel element relative to said electrically-conductive cathode element.

15. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 13

, which further comprises

means for transporting said anode contacting support structure relative to said metal-fuel element.

16. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 13

, which further comprises

means for transporting said metal-fuel support structure and said anode contacting support structure in response to a predetermined condition.

17. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 1

, which further comprises output voltage configuration means for configuring the output voltage at the power output terminals;

and wherein

said cathode support structure comprises a plurality of to electrically-conductive cathode elements,

said metal fuel support structure comprises a plurality of metal-fuel elements, functioning electrically-conductive anode elements, adjacent said plurality of electrically-conductive cathode elements, and

said anode contacting structure comprises a plurality of electrically conductive elements in electrical contact with said plurality of metal-fuel elements, with said ionic medium disposed between each said electrically-conductive element and said corresponding electrically-conductive cathode element;

said first electrically-conductive pathway comprising a first plurality of electrical conductors, each being connected from one said electrically-conductive cathode element to one said output voltage configuration means;

said second electrically-conductive pathway comprising a second plurality of electrical conductors, each being connected from one said electrically-conductive anode element to said output voltage configuration means;

wherein said output voltage configuration means selectively configured the voltages across said first and second plurality of electrical conductors so as to produce a selected output voltage across said first and second output power supply terminals.

18. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 17

, which further comprises means for sensing an electrical condition associated with said electrical load connected to said first and second output power supply terminals.

19. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 17

, which further comprises means for sensing oxide formation on each said metal fuel element supported within said metal fuel support structure.

20. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 19

, which further comprises reduction means for reducing each said metal fuel element on which oxide formation has been sensed.

21. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 20

, which further comprises power supply means for providing electrical power to said reduction means.

22. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 1

, wherein said metal fuel support structure comprises a flexible substrate transportable relative to said cathode support structure and said anode contacting element, and said metal-fuel element comprises a metal film disposed on said flexible substrate.

23. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 22

, wherein said flexible substrate and said metal film disposed thereon forms metal-fuel tape which is wound on a supply spindle and is taken up on a take-up spindle as said metal fuel tape is transported between said cathode support structure and said anode contacting structure.

24. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 23

, wherein said supply spindle and said take-up spindle are driven by an electric motor.

25. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 24

, which further comprises power sensing means for sensing the output power supplied to said electrical load, and wherein said electric motors are automatically controlled in response to the sensed output power supplied to said electrical load.

26. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 24

, wherein said supply spindle and said take-up rotatably mounted within a cassette cartridge housing.

27. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 26

, which further comprises a power generation bay for storing said cassette cartridge housing during power generation, and wherein said cassette cartridge further comprises

an aperture for allowing said metal-fuel tape to establish electrical contact with said electrically-conductive cathode element, by way of said ionic medium.

28. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 26

, wherein said cassette cartridge further comprises a retractible door structure which automatically closes off said aperture when said cassette cartridge is removed from said power generation bay, and automatically reveals said aperture when said cassette cartridge is inserted within said power generation bay.

29. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 23

, wherein said flexible substrate includes a longitudinally extending groove formed therein so as to allow said anode contacting structure to establish electrical contact with said metal-fuel film as said metal-fuel tape is transported relative to said electrically-conductive cathode element.

30. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 23

, which further comprises means for forcing ambient air to flow over said cathode support structure during generation of electrical power from said system.

31. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 23

, wherein said metal fuel support structure comprises a card-like structure insertable between said cathode support structure and said anode contacting structure.

32. The metal-air fuel cell battery system of

claim 31

, wherein said metal fuel support structure comprises a metal fuel support plate for receiving said metal fuel element in the form of a metal fuel sheet.

33. A cassette fuel cartridge for use in an air-metal fuel cell battery (FCB) power generation system having a power generation head including an electrically-conductive cathode element and an anode contacting structure, said cassette fuel cartridge comprising:

a cassette housing for insertion within the power generation bay of said air-metal FCB power generation system, and having an interior volume and an aperture for transport of at least a portion of said power generation head within said interior volume;

a supply of metal-fuel tape wound on a pair of spindles rotatably mounted within the interior of said cassette housing, said metal fuel tape having a flexible substrate and a metal film disposed on said flexible substrate and functioning as an anode element,

wherein, when said cassette housing is inserted within said power generation bay and said supply of metal-fuel tape is transported from one spindle to the other spindle, said metal fuel tape establishes electrical contact with said anode contacting structure and with said electrically-conductive cathode element by way of an ionic medium supplied at said power generation head.

34. The cassette fuel cartridge of

claim 33

, which further comprises a retractible door structure which automatically reveals said aperture when said cassette housing is inserted within said power generation bay, and automatically closes off said aperture when said cassette housing is removed from said power generation bay.

35. The cassette fuel cartridge of

claim 34

, wherein said power generation head comprises a plurality of electrically-conductive cathode elements and a plurality of electrically-conductive anode contacting structures, and wherein said metal-fuel tape comprises a plurality of metal-fuel tracks disposed on said flexible substrate, and said metal-fuel tracks functioning as electrically-conductive anode elements, each of which establishes electrical contact with one said electrically-conductive anode contacting structure when said cassette housing is inserted within said power generation bay.

36. The cassette fuel cartridge of

claim 35

, wherein each said metal-fuel track is made of zinc.

39. The fuel card of

claim 35

, wherein each said metal-fuel strip is made of zinc.

37. A fuel card for use in an air-metal fuel cell battery (FCB) power generation system having a power generation head including an electrically-conductive cathode element and an anode contacting structure, said fuel card comprising:

a support plate for insertion within the power generation bay of said air-metal FCB power generation system, and supporting a metal-fuel sheet; and

a metal-fuel element supported within said support plate wherein, when said support plate is inserted within said power generation bay, said metal fuel sheet establishes electrical contact with said anode contacting structure and with said electrically-conductive cathode element by way of an ionic medium supplied at said power generation head.

38. The fuel card of

claim 37

, wherein said power generation head comprises a plurality of electrically-conductive cathode elements and a plurality of electrically-conductive anode contacting structures, and wherein said metal-fuel element comprises a plurality of metal-fuel strips supported within said support plate, and said metal-fuel strips functioning as electrically-conductive anode elements, each of which establishes electrical contact with one said electrically-conductive anode contacting structure when said support plate is inserted within said power generation bay.