Tunable filter with core mode blocker

• US 20010024545A1
• Filed: 01/19/2001
• Published: 09/27/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 06/16/1997
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Novera Optics, Inc. (Lg-Nortel Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: Novera Optics, Inc. (Lg-Nortel Company Limited)
• Inventors: Hwang, In-Kag, Sorin, Wayne V., Lee, Myoung Soo, Kim, Byoung Yoon
• Granted Patent: US 6,631,224 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 385/28
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02071 Mechanically induced gratings, e.g. having microbends G02B6/02066 takes precedence; mode converters G02B6/14
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/021 characterised by the core or cladding or coating, e.g. materials, radial refractive index profiles, cladding shape
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/14 Mode converters
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/2552 reshaping or reforming of light guides for coupling using thermal heating, e.g. tapering, forming of a lens on light guide ends
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/266 the optical element being an attenuator
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/125 in an optical waveguide structure
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2201/02 fibre
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2203/055 wavelength filtering
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0201 Add-and-drop multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/021 Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM]
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0212 using optical switches or wavelength selective switches [WSS]
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0213 Groups of channels or wave bands arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0217 Multi-degree architectures, e.g. having a connection degree greater than two
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0221 Power control, e.g. to keep the total optical power constant

Abstract

An optic apparatus includes an optical fiber with a cladding surrounding a core and a core-mode blocker included in at least a portion of an interactive region of the optical fiber. A mode coupler is coupled to the optical fiber and couples a first mode to a different spatial mode in a forward direction of the optical fiber.

Claims

1. An optic apparatus, comprising:

an optical fiber with a cladding surrounding a core and a core-mode blocker included in at least a portion of an interactive region of the optical fiber; and

a mode coupler coupled to optical fiber that couples a first mode to a different spatial mode in a forward direction of the optical fiber.

2. The apparatus of

claim 1

, further comprising:

a second mode coupler coupled to the optical fiber, the second mode coupler configured to couple the second mode back to the first mode.

3. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the mode coupler is selected from an acoustic grating, a UV grating, a bending grating and a stress induced grating.

4. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator coupled to optical fiber that produces an acoustic wave traveling in the forward direction, and an acoustic wave propagation member coupled to the optical fiber.

5. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker absorbs or scatters the first mode and passes other spatial modes that travel in the fiber.

6. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker passes light in the cladding and the acoustic wave, and absorbs or scatters light in the core.

7. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker includes voids.

8. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker is a region of the core that has been damaged by high intensity light.

9. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker is a region of the core that has been damaged by etching a portion of the core and then resplicing.

10. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker is a region of the core that has been damaged by UV light.

11. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker is a region of the optical fiber that has been spliced with an absorbing core region.

12. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker includes a fiber Bragg grating.

13. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the first mode is a core mode and the different spatial mode is a cladding mode.

14. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the first mode is a cladding mode and the different spatial mode is a core mode.

15. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker includes a grating that scatters or absorbs core light into the cladding.

16. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker has a length of 5 cm or less.

17. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker has a length of 2 cm or less.

18. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker has a length of 1 cm or less.

19. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker has a length of 5 mm or less.

20. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker is integrally formed as a portion of the optical fiber.

21. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker provides an attenuation of at least 50 dB.

22. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker provides an attenuation of at least 40 dB.

23. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker provides an attenuation of at least 30 dB.

24. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker provides an attenuation of at least 20 dB.

25. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the core-mode blocker provides an attenuation of at least 10 dB.

26. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein a portion of the optical signal is coupled to the cladding from the core in the interactive region.

27. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator that produces multiple acoustic signals with individual controllable strengths and frequencies, each of the acoustic signals providing a coupling between different spatial modes traveling within the fiber.

28. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the mode coupler includes a temperature controlled grating that is temperature tunable.

29. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the mode coupler includes a stress induced grating that is temperature tunable.

30. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator that produces longitudinal waves.

31. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator that produces torsional waves.

32. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator that produces transverse waves.

33. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator and a wavelength of an optical signal coupled between two different modes traveling within the optical fiber is changed by varying the frequency of a signal applied to the acoustic wave generator.

34. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator and an amount of an optical signal coupled between two different modes traveling within the optical fiber is changed by varying the amplitude of a signal applied to the acoustic wave generator.

35. An optic apparatus, comprising:

an optical fiber with a cladding surrounding a core and a core-mode blocker included in at least a portion of an interactive region of the optical fiber;

a mode coupler coupled to optical fiber that couples a first mode to a different spatial mode in a forward direction of the optical fiber;

a Faraday mirror coupled to the optical fiber.

36. The apparatus of

claim 35

, further comprising:

a circulator, wherein the mode coupler is positioned between the circulator and the Faraday mirror.

37. The apparatus of

claim 35

, further comprising:

a second mode coupler coupled to the optical fiber, the second mode coupler configured to couple the second mode back to the first mode.

38. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the mode coupler is selected from an acoustic grating, a UV grating, a bending grating and a stress induced grating.

39. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator coupled to optical fiber that produces an acoustic wave traveling in the forward direction, and an acoustic wave propagation member coupled to the optical fiber.

40. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker absorbs or scatters the first mode and passes other spatial modes that travel in the fiber.

41. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker passes light in the cladding and the acoustic wave, and absorbs or scatters light in the core.

42. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker includes voids.

43. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker is a region of the core that has been damaged by high intensity light.

44. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker is a region of the core that has been damaged by etching a portion of the core and then resplicing.

45. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker is a region of the core that has been damaged by UV light.

46. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker is a region of the optical fiber that has been spliced with an absorbing core region.

47. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker includes a fiber Bragg grating.

48. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the first mode is a core mode and the different spatial mode is a cladding mode.

49. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the first mode is a cladding mode and the different spatial mode is a core mode.

50. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker includes a grating that scatters or absorbs core light into the cladding.

51. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker has a length of 5 cm or less.

52. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker has a length of 2 cm or less.

53. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker has a length of 1 cm or less.

54. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker has a length of 5 mm or less.

55. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker is integrally formed as a portion of the optical fiber.

56. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker provides an attenuation of at least 50 dB.

57. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker provides an attenuation of at least 40 dB.

58. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker provides an attenuation of at least 30 dB.

59. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker provides an attenuation of at least 20 dB.

60. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the core-mode blocker provides an attenuation of at least 10 dB.

61. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein a portion of the optical signal is coupled to the cladding from the core in the interactive region.

62. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator that produces multiple acoustic signals with individual controllable strengths and frequencies, each of the acoustic signals providing a coupling between different spatial modes traveling within the fiber.

63. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the mode coupler includes a temperature controlled grating that is temperature tunable.

64. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the mode coupler includes a stress induced grating that is temperature tunable.

65. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator that produces longitudinal waves.

66. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator that produces torsional waves.

67. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator that produces transverse waves.

68. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator and a wavelength of an optical signal coupled between two different modes traveling within the optical fiber is changed by varying the frequency of a signal applied to the acoustic wave generator.

69. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the mode coupler includes an acoustic wave generator and an amount of an optical signal coupled between two different modes traveling within the optical fiber is changed by varying the amplitude of a signal applied to the acoustic wave generator.