Gain flattening tunable filter

• US 20010033710A1
• Filed: 03/07/2001
• Published: 10/25/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 06/16/1997
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Novera Optics, Inc. (Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson)
• Original Assignee: Novera Optics, Inc. (Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson)
• Inventors: Vakoc, Benjamin, Kim, Byoung Yoon
• Granted Patent: US 6,640,027 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 385/28
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02047 Dual mode fibre G02B6/105 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02071 Mechanically induced gratings, e.g. having microbends G02B6/02066 takes precedence; mode converters G02B6/14
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/021 characterised by the core or cladding or coating, e.g. materials, radial refractive index profiles, cladding shape
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/14 Mode converters
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/2552 reshaping or reforming of light guides for coupling using thermal heating, e.g. tapering, forming of a lens on light guide ends
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/266 the optical element being an attenuator
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29344 operating by modal interference or beating, i.e. of transverse modes, e.g. zero-gap directional coupler, MMI
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29383 Adding and dropping
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29391 Power equalisation of different channels, e.g. power flattening
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29395 configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable switching G02B6/35
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/0134 in optical waveguides
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/125 in an optical waveguide structure
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2201/02 fibre
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2203/055 wavelength filtering
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0201 Add-and-drop multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0208 Interleaved arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/021 Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM]
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0212 using optical switches or wavelength selective switches [WSS]
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0213 Groups of channels or wave bands arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0217 Multi-degree architectures, e.g. having a connection degree greater than two
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/0221 : Power control, e.g. to keep the total optical power constant

Abstract

An optical apparatus includes an optical fiber. A plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures are positioned adjacent along a length of the optical fiber. Each of an individual optical fiber deformation structure introduces a mechanical or index deformation of a portion of the optical fiber to create perturbation in the optical modes in the fiber and provide a coherent coupling between two modes in the optical fiber.

Claims

1. An optical apparatus, comprising:

an optical fiber with an interaction region; and

a plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures positioned adjacent to the optical fiber at the interaction region, each individual optical fiber deformation structure configured to introduce a mechanical or index deformation of a portion of the optical fiber and create perturbations in the optical modes in the fiber and provide a coherent coupling between two modes.

2. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the perturbations are changes in optical mode profiles of an optical signal.

3. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the perturbations are changes in propagation speeds of the optical signal.

4. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures are independently controllable.

5. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein at least a first set and a second set of individual optical fiber deformation structures of the plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures are each independently controllable.

6. The apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures create a spatial profile that is tunable in amplitude, phase, and frequency as a function of position along the optical fiber.

7. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the optical fiber is single moded.

8. he optical apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the optical fiber is multi-moded.

9. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures includes a plurality of microactuators.

10. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures includes a plurality of MEMS devices.

11. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures includes magnetic actuators.

12. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures includes piezoelectric transducers.

13. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures includes micro-heaters.

14. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures includes pressure generators.

15. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures includes optical members that change a refractive index of the optical fiber.

16. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, further comprising:

electronics coupled to the plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures.

17. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the optical fiber converts at least one spatial mode to a different spatial mode.

18. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the optical fiber converts at least one core mode to another core mode.

19. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the optical fiber converts at least one core more to a cladding mode.

20. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, wherein the optical fiber converts at least one cladding mode to a core mode.

21. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, further comprising:

a backing member positioned adjacent to the optical fiber along the selected length of the optical fiber.

22. The optical apparatus of

claim 1

, further comprising:

a circulator coupled to the optical fiber;

a reflector coupled to the optical fiber, wherein the optical fiber perturbation structures are positioned between the circulator and the reflector.

23. The apparatus of

claim 1

, further comprising:

a feedback control coupled to the plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures, positioned to monitor a signal output received from the apparatus and generate a feedback signal in response to the monitoring of the signal output, the plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures producing a selected deformation adjustment of the optical fiber in response to the feedback signal.

24. A dual filter, comprising:

an optical fiber with an intermediate section;

a first filter including a first plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures positioned adjacent along a length of the optical fiber, each individual optical fiber deformation structure configured to introduce a mechanical or index deformation of a portion of the optical fiber to create perturbations in the optical modes in the fiber and provide a coherent coupling between two modes; and

a second filter including a second plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures positioned adjacent along a length of the optical fiber, each individual optical fiber deformation structure configured to introduce a mechanical or index deformation of a portion of the optical fiber to create perturbations in the optical modes in the fiber and provide a coherent coupling between two modes, wherein the intermediate section is positioned between the first and second filters.

25. The filter of

claim 24

, wherein the intermediate section of the optical fiber has an adjusted birefringence to create a half-wave plate in the intermediate section.

26. The filter of

claim 25

, further comprising:

a Faraday mirror coupled to the second filter pair.

27. The filter of

claim 25

, wherein the first and second filter pairs are in series.

28. The filter of

claim 24

, wherein the half-wave plate is aligned with a 45 degree angle with respect to eigen polarization axes of the first and second filters.

29. The filter of

claim 24

, wherein a polarization loss of the first filter is the same as a polarization loss of the second filter.

30. The filter of

claim 24

, wherein an eigen state of the first filter is orthogonal to an eigen state of the second filter.

31. The apparatus of

claim 24

, further comprising:

a feedback control coupled to the first and second pluralities of individual optical fiber deformation structures, positioned to monitor a signal output received from the apparatus and generate a feedback signal in response to the monitoring of the signal output, the first and second pluralities of individual optical fiber deformation structures producing a selected deformation adjustment of the optical fiber in response to the feedback signal.

32. An optical apparatus, comprising:

an optical circulator with at least a first port configured to be coupled to an input fiber, a second port configured to be coupled to an output fiber and a third port configured to be coupled to an optical fiber; and

a fiber deformation structure positioned adjacent along a length of the optical fiber, the fiber deformation structure including a plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures configured to introduce a mechanical or index deformation of a portion of the optical fiber to create perturbations in the optical modes in the fiber and provide a coherent coupling between two modes of the optical fiber.

33. The apparatus of

claim 32

, further comprising:

a Faraday rotating mirror coupled to the optical fiber.

34. The apparatus of

claim 32

, further comprising:

a feedback control coupled to the fiber deformation structure, positioned to monitor a signal output received from the apparatus and generate a feedback signal in response to the monitoring of the signal output, the fiber deformation structure producing a selected deformation adjustment of the optical fiber in response to the feedback signal.

35. The apparatus of

claim 32

, wherein the optical fiber is configured to propagate multiple modes.

36. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the optical fiber has a single core mode guided along a core.

37. The apparatus of

claim 35

, wherein the optical fiber provides fundamental and cladding mode propagation.

38. The apparatus of

claim 35

, further comprising:

a cladding mode stripper with the fiber perturbation structure positioned between the circulator and the cladding mode stripper.

39. An add/drop apparatus, comprising:

an optical fiber with an interaction region;

a first mode selective coupler coupled to the optical fiber;

a second mode selective coupler coupled to the optical fiber; and

a plurality of individual optical fiber deformation structures positioned adjacent to the optical fiber at the interaction region between the first and second mode selective couplers, each individual optical fiber deformation structure configured to introduce a mechanical or index deformation of a portion of the optical fiber and create perturbations in the optical modes in the fiber and provide a coherent coupling between two modes.