Method and apparatus for non-invasive blood constituent monitoring
First Claim
1. A method for determining a desired biologic constituent concentration of the blood of a patient, the blood flowing in a pulsatile fashion in a body part of the patient so as to be subjectable to transcutaneous examination in the body part, the body part defining a blood conduit and the method comprising the steps of:
- (a) placing the blood conduit within a blood conduit receiver with the blood flowing in the blood conduit;
(b) directing radiation into the flowing blood within the blood conduit using a radiation generator situated within said blood conduit receiver means, said radiation defining a directed radiation comprising a first quantity of radiation at a radiation wavelength which, when directed into the flowing blood within the blood conduit, (A) has a first attenuation value which varies with the desired biologic constituent concentration in the flowing blood and (B) has a second attenuation value which varies with the concentration of components other than the desired biologic constituent in the flowing blood, which second attenuation value is at least ten times smaller than said first attenuation value, and (c) detecting the portion of said directed radiation which passes through both the blood conduit and the flowing blood therein using a radiation detector situated within said blood conduit receiver, said detected portion of said directed radiation comprising a second quantity of radiation at the radiation wave length; and
(d) detecting energy from the flowing blood within the blood conduit using an energy transducer situated within said blood conduit receiver, said energy defining a transduced energy comprising a quantity of energy which when detected from the flowing blood within the blood conduit, has a value which varies with the normalized change of the pulsatile blood; and
(e) operating exclusively on the second quantities of the radiation and the transduced energy to determine the desired biologic constituent concentration.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A system for determining a biologic constituent including hematocrit transcutaneously, noninvasively and continuously. A finger clip assembly includes including at least a pair of emitters and a photodiode in appropriate alignment to enable operation in either a transmissive mode or a reflectance mode. At least one predetermined wavelength of light is passed onto or through body tissues such as a finger, earlobe, or scalp, etc. and attenuation of light at that wavelength is detected. Likewise, the change in blood flow is determined by various techniques including optical, pressure, piezo and strain gage methods. Mathematical manipulation of the detected values compensates for the effects of body tissue and fluid and determines the hematocrit value. If an additional wavelength of light is used which attenuates light substantially differently by oxyhemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin, then the blood oxygen saturation value, independent of hematocrit may be determined. Further, if an additional wavelength of light is used which greatly attenuates light due to bilirubin (440 nm) or glucose (1060 nm), then the bilirubin or glucose value may also be determined. Also how to determine the hematocrit with a two step DC analysis technique is provided. Then a pulse wave is not required, so this method may be utilized in states of low blood pressure or low blood flow.
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Citations
21 Claims
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1. A method for determining a desired biologic constituent concentration of the blood of a patient, the blood flowing in a pulsatile fashion in a body part of the patient so as to be subjectable to transcutaneous examination in the body part, the body part defining a blood conduit and the method comprising the steps of:
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(a) placing the blood conduit within a blood conduit receiver with the blood flowing in the blood conduit;
(b) directing radiation into the flowing blood within the blood conduit using a radiation generator situated within said blood conduit receiver means, said radiation defining a directed radiation comprising a first quantity of radiation at a radiation wavelength which, when directed into the flowing blood within the blood conduit, (A) has a first attenuation value which varies with the desired biologic constituent concentration in the flowing blood and (B) has a second attenuation value which varies with the concentration of components other than the desired biologic constituent in the flowing blood, which second attenuation value is at least ten times smaller than said first attenuation value, and (c) detecting the portion of said directed radiation which passes through both the blood conduit and the flowing blood therein using a radiation detector situated within said blood conduit receiver, said detected portion of said directed radiation comprising a second quantity of radiation at the radiation wave length; and
(d) detecting energy from the flowing blood within the blood conduit using an energy transducer situated within said blood conduit receiver, said energy defining a transduced energy comprising a quantity of energy which when detected from the flowing blood within the blood conduit, has a value which varies with the normalized change of the pulsatile blood; and
(e) operating exclusively on the second quantities of the radiation and the transduced energy to determine the desired biologic constituent concentration. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. A method for determining a desired biologic constituent concentration of the blood of a patient, the blood flowing in a pulsatile fashion in a body part of the patient so as to be subjectable to transcutaneous examination in the body part, the body part defining a blood conduit and the method comprising the steps of:
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(a) placing the blood conduit within a blood conduit receiver with the blood flowing in the blood conduit;
(b) directing radiation into the flowing blood within the blood conduit using a radiation generator situated within said blood conduit receiver, said radiation defining a directed radiation comprising;
(i) a first quantity of radiation at a radiation wavelength which, when directed into the flowing blood within the blood conduit, (A) has a first attenuation value which varies with the desired biologic constituent concentration in the flowing blood and (B) has a second attenuation value which varies with the concentration of components other than the desired biologic constituent in the flowing blood, which second attenuation value is at least ten times smaller than said first attenuation value, and (ii) a first quantity of a radiation at a second radiation wavelength, distinct from said first wavelength, which, when directed into the flowing blood within the blood conduit, (A) has a third attenuation value which for varying concentrations in the flowing blood of the desired blood constituent is a non-fixed multiple of said first attenuation value; and
(B) has a fourth attenuation value which varies with the concentration of components other than the desired biologic constituent in the flowing blood, which fourth attenuation value is at least ten times greater than said second attenuation value;
(c) detecting the portion of said directed radiation which passes through both the blood conduit and the flowing blood therein using a radiation detector situated within said blood conduit receiver, said detected portion of said directed radiation comprising;
(i) a second quantity of a radiation at the first radiation wavelength and, (ii) a second quantity of a radiation at the second radiation wavelength;
(d) detecting energy from the flowing blood within the blood conduit using an energy transducer situated within said blood conduit receiver, said energy defining a transduced energy comprising a quantity of energy which when detected from the flowing blood within the blood conduit, has a value which varies with the normalized change of the pulsatile blood; and
(e) operating exclusively on the second quantities of the radiations and the transduced energy to determine the desired biologic constituent concentration. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14)
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15. A method for determining a desired biologic constituent concentration of the blood of a patient, the blood flowing in a pulsatile fashion in a body part of the patient so as to be subjectable to transcutaneous examination in the body part, the body part defining a blood conduit and the method comprising the steps of:
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(a) placing the blood conduit within a blood conduit receiver with the blood flowing in the blood conduit;
(b) directing radiation into the flowing blood within the blood conduit using a radiation generator situated within said blood conduit receiver, said radiation defining a directed radiation comprising a first quantity of a radiation at a radiation wavelength which, when directed into the flowing blood within the blood conduit, (A) has a first attenuation value which varies with the desired biologic constituent concentration in the flowing blood and (B) has a second attenuation value which varies with the concentration of components other than the desired biologic constituent in the flowing blood, which second attenuation value is at least ten times smaller than said first attenuation value;
(c) detecting the portion of said directed radiation which passes through both the blood conduit and the flowing blood therein using a radiation detector situated within said blood conduit receiver, said detected portion of said directed radiation comprising a second quantity of radiation at the radiation wavelength; and
(d) detecting energy from the flowing blood within the blood conduit using an energy transducer situated within said blood conduit receiver, said energy defining a transduced energy comprising a quantity of energy which when detected from the flowing blood within the blood conduit, has a value which varies with the normalized blood volume; and
(e) operating exclusively on the second quantity of the radiation and the transduced energy to determine the desired biologic constituent concentration. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18)
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19. A method for determining a desired biologic constituent concentration of the blood of a patient, the blood flowing in a pulsatile fashion in a body part of the patient so as to be subjectable to transcutaneous examination in the body part, the body part defining a blood conduit and the method comprising the steps of:
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(a) placing the blood conduit within a blood conduit receiver with the blood flowing in the blood conduit;
(b) directing radiation into the flowing blood within the blood conduit using a radiation generator situated within said blood conduit receiver, said radiation defining a directed radiation comprising;
(i) a first quantity of a radiation at a radiation wavelength which, when directed into the flowing blood within the blood conduit, (A) has a fifth attenuation value which greatly varies with the nondesired biologic constituent concentration in the flowing blood and (B) has a sixth attenuation value which varies with the concentration of the desired biologic constituent in the flowing blood, which second attenuation value is at least ten times smaller than said fifth attenuation value, and (ii) a first quantity of a radiation at a second radiation wavelength, distinct from said first wavelength, which, when directed into the flowing blood within the blood conduit, (A) has a seventh attenuation value which for varying concentrations in the flowing blood of the nondesired blood constituent is a multiple of said fifth attenuation value;
(B) has an eighth attenuation value which varies with the concentration of the desired biologic constituent in the flowing blood, which eighth attenuation value is at least five times greater than said sixth attenuation value;
(c) detecting the portion of said directed radiation which passes through both the blood conduit and the flowing blood therein using a radiation detection means situated within said blood conduit receiving means, said detected portion of said directed radiation comprising;
(i) a second quantity of a radiation at the first radiation wavelength, and (ii) a second quantity of a radiation at the second radiation wavelength;
(d) detecting energy from the flowing blood within the blood conduit using an energy transducer means situated within said blood conduit receiving means, said energy defining a transduced energy comprising a quantity of energy which when detected from the flowing blood within the blood conduit, has a value which varies with the normalized change of the pulsatile blood; and
(e) operating exclusively on the second quantities of the radiations and the transduced energy to determine the desired biologic constituent concentration.
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20. A method for determining a desired biologic constituent concentration of the blood of a patient, the blood flowing in a pulsatile fashion in a body part of the patient so as to be subjectable to transcutaneous examination in the body part, the body part defining a blood conduit and the method comprising the steps of.
(a) placing the blood conduit within a blood conduit receiver means with the blood flowing in the blood conduit: -
(b) directing radiation into the flowing blood within the blood conduit using a radiation generator situated within said blood conduit receiver, said radiation defining a directed radiation comprising a first quantity of a radiation at a radiation wavelength which, when directed into the flowing blood within the blood conduit, (A) has a first attenuation value which varies with the desired biologic constituent concentration in the flowing blood and (B) has a second attenuation value which varies with the concentration of components other than the desired biologic constituent in the flowing blood, which second attenuation value is at least ten times smaller than said first attenuation value;
(c) detecting the portion of said directed radiation which passes through both the blood conduit and the flowing blood therein using a radiation detector situated within said blood conduit receiver, said detected portion of said directed radiation comprising a second quantity of a radiation at the radiation wavelength; and
(d) detecting energy from the flowing blood within the blood conduit using an energy transducer situated within said blood conduit receiver, said energy defining a transduced energy comprising a quantity of energy which when detected from the flowing blood within the blood conduit, has a value which varies with the normalized change of the pulsatile blood;
(e) operating exclusively on the second quantities of the radiations and the transduced energy to determine the desired biologic constituent concentration by qualifying the tissue'"'"'s homogeneity from the linearity of the distance differentiation. - View Dependent Claims (21)
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Specification