Controlled production of ammonia
First Claim
1. A method for the generation of ammonia comprising:
- (a) providing an ammoniated metal salt having the formula MAn·
X(NH3), wherein M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, scandium, ytterbium, the lanthanides, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, mercury, tin, and aluminum, A is at least one ion selected from the group consisting Cl−
, Br−
, F−
, I−
, ClO3−
, ClO4−
, BF4−
, AlCl4−
, PF6−
, SbCl6−
, and SbF6−
, n is from 1 to 6, and X is from 1 to 8; and
(b) applying microwave energy to said salt at substantially ambient temperature for a time sufficient to produce said ammonia.
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Abstract
Improved methods for the controlled generation of ammonia from an ammoniated metal salt at substantially ambient temperature by applying microwave energy to the salt. The ammoniated salts have the formula MAn·(NH3), wherein M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, scandium, ytterbium, the lanthanides, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, mercury, tin, and aluminum; A is at least one ion selected from the group consisting Cl−, Br−, F−, I−, ClO3−, ClO4−, BF4−, AlCl4−, PF6−, SbCl6−, and SbF6−; and SbF6− n is from 1 to 6; and X is from 1 to 8. The methods are useful in, inter alia, absorption type refrigeration systems where ammonia is used as a refrigerant and the salt is used as a sorbent bed.
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Citations
33 Claims
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1. A method for the generation of ammonia comprising:
-
(a) providing an ammoniated metal salt having the formula MAn·
X(NH3), whereinM is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, scandium, ytterbium, the lanthanides, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, mercury, tin, and aluminum, A is at least one ion selected from the group consisting Cl−
, Br−
, F−
, I−
, ClO3−
, ClO4−
, BF4−
, AlCl4−
, PF6−
, SbCl6−
, and SbF6−
,n is from 1 to 6, and X is from 1 to 8; and
(b) applying microwave energy to said salt at substantially ambient temperature for a time sufficient to produce said ammonia. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 32, 33)
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13. A method for cooling comprising,
(a) adsorbing ammonia onto a metal salt to provide a corresponding ammoniated metal salt; -
(b) desorbing ammonia from said ammoniated metal salt by applying microwave energy thereto; and
(c) circulating said desorbed ammonia through a refrigeration sorption system to produce said cooling. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27)
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28. A method for cooling comprising,
(a) adsorbing ammonia onto a zeolite to provide a corresponding ammoniated zeolite; -
(b) desorbing ammonia from said ammoniated zeolite by applying microwave energy thereto at substantially ambient temperature for a time sufficient to produce said ammonia; and
(c) circulating said desorbed ammonia through a refrigeration sorption system to produce said cooling.
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29. A method for the generation of phosphine or arsine comprising,
(a) providing a ligated metal salt having the formula MAn· - X(EH3);
whereinM is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, scandium, ytterbium, the lanthanides, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, mercury, tin, and aluminum;
A is at least one ion selected from the group consisting of Cl−
, Br−
, F−
, I−
, ClO3−
, ClO4−
, BF4−
, AlCl4, PF6−
, SbCl6−
, and SbF6−
;
n is from 1 to 6;
X is from 1 to 8; and
E is P or As; and
(b) applying microwave energy to said salt at substantially ambient temperature for a time sufficient to produce said phosphine or arsine. - View Dependent Claims (30, 31)
- X(EH3);
Specification