Synthetic muscle based diaphragm pump apparatuses

• US 20020013545A1
• Filed: 04/25/2001
• Published: 01/31/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 01/29/1998
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: David Soltanpour, Mohsen Shahinpoor
• Original Assignee: David Soltanpour, Mohsen Shahinpoor
• Inventors: Shahinpoor, Mohsen, Soltanpour, David
• Granted Patent: US 6,682,500 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 604/9
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 9/0017 implantable in, or in contact with, the eye, e.g. ocular inserts
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 9/00781 Apparatus for modifying intraocular pressure, e.g. for glaucoma treatment drainage implants in general A61M27/002
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/73 comprising sensors or indicators for physical values
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/743 by changing the cross-section of the line, e.g. flow regulating valves A61M1/7413 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/80 Suction pumps A61M1/64, A61M1/71, A61M60/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/0244 Micromachined materials, e.g. made from silicon wafers, microelectromechanical systems [MEMS] or comprising nanotechnology
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/0283 Electro-active polymers [EAP]
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2210/0612 Eyes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14276 specially adapted for implantation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14586 pressurised by means of a flexible diaphragm
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14593 the diaphragm being actuated by fluid pressure
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 43/043 Micropumps
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/733 Nanodiaphragm

Abstract

Implantable, pressure adjustable diaphragm pump systems which are scalable and are characterized by a common type of actuating mechanism. The pumps may be inductively and transcutaneously powered via adjacent, mutually inductive electromagnetic coils. Alternatively the pumps may be effectively “self” powered using a synthetic muscle attached to a local bending or twisting force. The pumps may be used in a range of applications from mechanical applications to medical applications such as intraocular pressure control for glaucoma patients, bodily fluid drainage control, and drug delivery systems. These pump systems each include a pumping chamber having an anterior end attached to an implantable influent conduit. In the case of an ocular pressure control device, the influent conduit is inserted into the anterior chamber of the eye. A flexing ionic polymer conductor composite IPCC synthetic muscle, which is a type of ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) synthetic muscle, functions as the primary actuator. The posterior end of the pumping chamber is connected to an effluent or drainage conduit, which may drain bodily fluids or dispense drugs to an area of the body. A key feature of the invention is the self or secondary power generation system in the form of a much larger piece of IPCC synthetic muscle which, in the case of glaucoma prevention systems, may be placed on the globe surface (sclera) of the eye and attached to and secured by the extraocular muscles of the eye. An alternative external power system includes a biocompatible induction coil with gold wire armature that can be transcutanously activated, adjusted, and computer-interrogated and controlled by a surgeon. The device of the invention is further equipped with a pair of adjustable variable flow valves placed at the juncture of the inlet and effluent conduits with the pumping chamber. The valves are used to regulate fluid flow through the pumping chamber. A pressure regulating system including a pressure sensor and pump controlling microprocessor may also be used with the inventive system.

Claims

1. A pump assembly comprising:

a main body having an anterior end, a posterior end, and an interior chamber;

an intake conduit, said intake conduit fluidly coupled to said anterior end and an outlet conduit fluidly coupled to said interior chamber;

a first valve means for selectively allowing fluid flow from said intake conduit to said interior chamber, a second valve means for selectively allowing fluid flow from said interior chamber into and through said drainage conduit;

fluid displacement means for causing fluid flow through said main body, said fluid displacement means having a flexible main body and extending across said interior chamber;

whereby oscillating movement of said fluid displacement means causes fluid flow through said pump assembly.

2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said fluid displacement means includes at least one synthetic muscle.

3. The assembly of claim 2 wherein a synthetic muscle is employed to generate power for said fluid displacement means.

4. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said main body is elongated and substantially planar, and wherein one or more outer surfaces of said main body are contoured in accordance with physical parameters of an implant area..

5. The assembly of claim 1 wherein a predetermined quantity of medicine is stored in said interior chamber and wherein fluid flow through said interior chamber causes mixing of said medicine with the ambient fluid, a portion of said medicine dispensed through said drainage conduit with each cycle of operation of said fluid displacement means.

6. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said fluid displacement means is powered by a source of electrical power.

7. The assembly of claim 6 wherein ring electrodes are disposed on opposite sides of said fluid displacement means, said ring electrodes electrically connected to said source of electrical power.

8. The assembly of claim 6 wherein said source of electrical power is a mutually inducting coil.

9. A bio-implantable pump assembly comprising:

a substantially planar main body having an anterior end, a posterior end, and an interior chamber;

an intake conduit, said intake conduit fluidly coupled to said anterior end and an outlet conduit fluidly coupled to said interior chamber;

a first valve means for selectively allowing fluid flow from said intake conduit to said interior chamber, a second valve means for selectively allowing fluid flow from said interior chamber into and through said drainage conduit;

a synthetic muscle fluid displacement means for causing fluid flow through said main body, said fluid displacement means having a flexible main body and extending across said interior chamber;

a source of electrical power for generating electrical pulses, said source of electrical power electrically connected to electrodes disposed on opposing sides of said synthetic muscle fluid displacement means;

whereby the application of electrical pulses to said electrodes causes oscillating movement of said fluid displacement means.

10. The assembly of claim 9 wherein said source of electrical power is a subcutaneously implanted inductively coupled coil.

11. The assembly of claim 10 including sensing means for sensing pulses in said inductively coupled coil, and micro processing means electrically connected to said coil for acquiring and processing said pulses.

12. The assembly of claim 11 wherein said sensing means is an adjacent coil, and said micro processing means controllably gates electrical pulses to said adjacent coil.

13. A bio-implantable pump assembly comprising:

a substantially planar main body having an anterior end, a posterior end, and an interior chamber;

an intake conduit, said intake conduit fluidly coupled to said anterior end and an outlet conduit fluidly coupled to said interior chamber;

a first valve means for selectively allowing fluid flow from said intake conduit to said interior chamber, a second valve means for selectively allowing fluid flow from said interior chamber into and through said drainage conduit;

fluid displacement means for causing fluid flow through said main body, said fluid displacement means being formed from a synthetic muscle material and having a flexible main body extending across said interior chamber, a first electrode positioned on a top surface of said main body and a second electrode positioned on a bottom surface of said main body;

whereby said fluid displacement means can be deflected upward to allow fluid flow past said first valve means into said interior chamber by applying an electrical signal to said first electrode, and said fluid displacement means can be deflected downward to force fluid flow from said interior chamber past said second valve means by applying an electrical signal to said second electrode.