Oligosaccharide aldonic acids and their topical use

• US 20020028227A1
• Filed: 11/13/2001
• Published: 03/07/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/1999
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Eugene J Van Scott, Ruey J. Yu
• Original Assignee: Eugene J Van Scott, Ruey J. Yu
• Inventors: Yu, Ruey J., Van Scott, Eugene J.
• Granted Patent: US 6,740,327 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 424/401
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 2800/522 Antioxidants; Radical scavengers
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 2800/75 Anti-irritant
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/7032 attached to a polyol, i.e. compounds having two or more free or esterified hydroxy groups, including the hydroxy group involved in the glycosidic linkage, e.g. monoglucosyldiacylglycerides, lactobionic acid, gangliosides
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 8/0212 Face masks
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 8/60 Sugars; Derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 8/73 Polysaccharides
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 1/02 Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 15/00 Drugs for genital or sexual disorders for disorders of sex hormones A61P5/24; Contraceptives
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 15/02 for disorders of the vagina
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/00 Drugs for dermatological disorders
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/02 for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/04 Antipruritics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/06 Antipsoriatics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/08 Antiseborrheics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/10 Anti-acne agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/12 Keratolytics, e.g. wart or anti-corn preparations
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/14 for baldness or alopecia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/16 Emollients or protectives, e.g. against radiation
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/18 Antioxidants, e.g. antiradicals preparations for protection against sunlight A61Q17/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 29/00 Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 39/00 : General protective or antinoxious agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 39/06 : Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 43/00 : Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61Q 11/00 : Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
• CPC Class Codes: A61Q 19/00 : Preparations for care of the skin
• CPC Class Codes: A61Q 19/02 : for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin
• CPC Class Codes: A61Q 19/08 : Anti-ageing preparations
• CPC Class Codes: A61Q 19/10 : Washing or bathing preparations
• CPC Class Codes: A61Q 3/00 : Manicure or pedicure preparations
• CPC Class Codes: A61Q 5/00 : Preparations for care of the hair
• CPC Class Codes: A61Q 5/02 : Preparations for cleaning the hair
• CPC Class Codes: A61Q 5/12 : Preparations containing hair conditioners

Abstract

Compositions comprising oligosaccharide aldonic acids are useful for general care, as well as for treatment and prevention, of various cosmetic conditions and dermatological disorders, including those associated with intrinsic and/or extrinsic aging, as well as with changes or damage caused by extrinsic factors; general care, as well as treatment and prevention of diseases and conditions, of the oral, and vaginal mucosa; for general oral care, as well as treatment and prevention of oral and gum diseases; and for wound healing of the skin. Compositions comprising oligosaccharide aldonic acids may further comprise a cosmetic, pharmaceutical or other topical agent to enhance or create synergetic effects.

Claims

1. A composition comprising (A) an acceptable vehicle or base and (B) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oligosaccharaide aldonic acids and related compounds, and isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, and straight or branched chain, or cyclic forms thereof,

wherein said oligosaccharide aldonic acid has the formula:

R₁(CHOR₂)_m(CH₂)_n COOR₃

wherein,

R₁ and R₃ are independently H or an alky, aralkyl or aryl group of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain or cyclic form, having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms;

mis 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9;

R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of H and any carbohydrate having 1 to 9 monomers, wherein at least one R₂ is a carbohydrate;

H attached to carbon atom is optionally substituted by I, F, Cl, Br, NH₂, NHCOCH₃, SH, or an alkyl, alkoxyl, aralkyl or aryl group of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain or cyclic form, having 1 to 9 carbon atoms;

R₁, R₂, OR₂ or H optionally carry or are optionally substituted with CHO, COOH, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, or a lower alkoxyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and

H of the OH group is optionally substituted by an acyl group having from 2 to 25 carbon atoms,

and wherein said oligosaccharide aldonic acid is not lactobionic acid.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 6 carbohydrate monomers.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 3 carbohydrate monomers.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains 2 carbohydrate monomers.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of lactobionolactone, maltobionolactone, isomaltobionolactone, cellobionolactone, chitobionolactone, gentiobionolactone, glucobionolactone, galactobionolactone, mannobionolactone, ribobionolactone, kojibionolactone, xylobionolactone, arabinobionolactone, nigerobionolactone, laminarabinobionolactone, maltotrionolactone, isomaltotrionolactone, chitotrionolactone, cellotrionolactone, gentiotrionolactone, maltotetraonolactone, cellotetraonolactone, and chitotetraonolactone.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycerbionic acids, erythrobionic acids, threobionic acids, ribobionic acids, arabinobionic acids, xylobionic acids, lyxobionic acids, allobionic acids, altrobionic acids, glucobionic acids, mannobionic acids, gulobionic acids, idobionic acids, galactobionic acids, talobionic acids, alloheptobionic acids, altroheptobionic acids, glucoheptobionic acids, mannoheptobionic acids, guloheptobionic acids, idoheptobionic acids, galactoheptobionic acids, taloheptobionic acids, chitobionic acids, hyalobiouronic acids, hyalourobionic acids, chondrosines, chondrosinbionic acids, cellobiouronic acids, and cellourobionic acids.

7. The composition of claim 6, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, salt, ester, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of isolactobionic acid, maltobionic acid, isomaltobionic acid, cellobionic acid, gentiobionic acid, laminarabionic acid, melibionic acid, nigerobionic acid, rutinobionic acid, sophorobionic acid, and kojibionic acid.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycertrionic acids, erythrotrionic acids, threotrionic acids, ribotrionic acids, arabinotrionic acids, xylotrionic acids, lyxotrionic acids, allotrionic acids, altrotrionic acids, glucotrionic acids, mannotrionic acids, gulotrionic acids, idotrionic acids, galactotrionic acids, talotrionic acids, alloheptotrionic acids, altroheptotrionic acids, glucoheptotrionic acids, mannoheptotrionic acids, guloheptotrionic acids, idoheptotrionic acids, galactoheptotrionic acids, taloheptotrionic acids, chitotrionic acids, hyalotriouronic acids, hyalourotrionic acids, chondrosintrionic acids, cellotriouronic acids and cellourotrionic acids.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of aldotetraonic acids, aldopentaonic acids, aldohexaonic acids, aldoheptaonic acids, aldooctaonic acids, aldononaonic acids, and aldodecaonic acids.

20. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or other topical agent.

21. The composition of claim 20, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 6 carbohydrate monomers.

22. The composition of claim 20, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 3 carbohydrate monomers.

23. The composition of claim 20, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains 2 carbohydrate monomers.

24. The composition of claim 20, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of lactobionolactone, maltobionolactone, isomaltobionolactone, cellobionolactone, chitobionolactone, gentiobionolactone, glucobionolactone, galactobionolactone, mannobionolactone, ribobionolactone, kojibionolactone, xylobionolactone, arabinobionolactone, nigerobionolactone, laminarabinobionolactone, maltotrionolactone, isomaltotrionolactone, chitotrionolactone, cellotrionolactone, gentiotrionolactone, maltotetraonolactone, cellotetraonolactone, and chitotetraonolactone.

25. The composition of claim 20, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycerbionic acids, erythrobionic acids, threobionic acids, ribobionic acids, arabinobionic acids, xylobionic acids, lyxobionic acids, allobionic acids, altrobionic acids, glucobionic acids, mannobionic acids, gulobionic acids, idobionic acids, galactobionic acids, talobionic acids, alloheptobionic acids, altroheptobionic acids, glucoheptobionic acids, mannoheptobionic acids, guloheptobionic acids, idoheptobionic acids, galactoheptobionic acids, taloheptobionic acids, chitobionic acids, hyalobiouronic acids, hyalourobionic acids, chondrosines, chondrosinbionic acids, cellobiouronic acids, and cellourobionic acids.

26. The composition of claim 25, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of isolactobionic acid, maltobionic acid, isomaltobionic acid, cellobionic acid, gentiobionic acid, Iaminarabionic acid, melibionic acid, nigerobionic acid, rutinobionic acid, sophorobionic acid, and kojibionic acid.

27. The composition of claim 20, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycertrionic acids, erythrotrionic acids, threotrionic acids, ribotrionic acids, arabinotrionic acids, xylotrionic acids, lyxotrionic acids, allotrionic acids, altrotrionic acids, glucotrionic acids, mannotrionic acids, gulotrionic acids, idotrionic acids, galactotrionic acids, talotrionic acids, alloheptotrionic acids, altroheptotrionic acids, glucoheptotrionic acids, mannoheptotrionic acids, guloheptotrionic acids, idoheptotrionic acids, galactoheptotrionic acids, taloheptotrionic acids, chitotrionic acids, hyalotriouronic acids, hyalourotrionic acids, chondrosintrionic acids, cellotriouronic acids and cellourotrionic acids.

28. The composition of claim 20, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of aldotetraonic acids, aldopentaonic acids, aldohexaonic acids, aldoheptaonic acids, aldooctaonic acids, aldononaonic acids, and aldodecaonic acids.

29. The composition of claim 20, wherein said cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or other topical agent is selected from the group consisting of agents that improve or eradicate age spots, keratoses and wrinkles;

local analgesics and anesthetics;

antiacne agents;

antibacterials;

antiyeast agents;

antifungal agents;

antiviral agents;

antidandruff agents;

antidermatitis agents;

antihistamine agents;

antipruritic agents;

antiemetics;

antimotion sickness agents;

antiinflammatory agents;

antihyperkeratolytic agents;

antiperspirants;

antipsoriatic agents;

antiseborrheic agents;

hair conditioners and hair treatment agents;

antiaging and antiwrinkle agents;

sunblock and sunscreen agents;

skin lightening agents;

depigmenting agents;

vitamins;

corticosteroids;

tanning agents;

hormones;

retinoids;

topical cardiovascular agents;

hydroxyacids, ketoacids and related compounds;

phenyl alpha acyloxyalkanoic acids and derivatives thereof; and

N-acetyl-aldosamines, N-acetylamino acids and related N-acetyl compounds.

30. The composition of claim 20, wherein said cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or other topical agent is selected from the group consisting of aclovate, acyclovir, acetylsalicylic acid, adapalene, albuterol, aluminum acetate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chlorohydroxide, amantadine, aminacrine, aminobenzoic acid (PABA), aminocaproic acid, aminosalicylic acid, amitriptyline, anthralin, ascorbic acid, ascoryl palimate, atropine, azelaic acid, bacitracin, bemegride, beclomethasone dipropionate, benzophenone, benzoyl peroxide, betamethasone dipropionate, betamethasone valerate, brompheniramine, bupivacaine, butoconazole, calcipotriene, camphor, capsaicin, carbamide peroxide, chitosan, chlorhexidine, chloroxylenol, chlorpheniramine, ciclopirox, clemastine, clindamycin, clioquinol, clobetasol propionate, clotrimazole, coal tar, cromolyn, crotamiton, cycloserine, dehydroepiandrosterone, desoximetasone, dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, doxypin, doxylamine, dyclonine, econazole, erythromycin, estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, fluocinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, 5-fluorouracil, griseofulvin, guaifenesin, haloprogin, hexylresorcinol, homosalate, hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone 21-acetate, hydrocortisone 17-valerate, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate, hydrogen peroxide, hydroquinone, hydroquinone monoether, hydroxyzine, ibuprofen, ichthammol, imiquimod, indomethacin, ketoconazole, ketoprofen, kojic acid, lidocaine, meclizine, meclocycline, menthol, mepivacaine, methyl nicotinate, methyl salicylate, metronidazole, miconazole, minocycline, minoxidil, monobenzone, mupirocin, naftifine, naproxen, neomycin, nystatin, octyl methoxycinnamate, octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, oxiconazole, oxymetazoline, padimate O, permethrin, pheniramine, phenol, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, piperonyl butoxide, podophyllin, podofilox, povidone iodine, pramoxine, prilocaine, procaine, promethazine propionate, propranolol, pseudoephedrine, pyrethrin, pyrilamine, resorcinol, retinal, 13-cis retinoic acid, retinoic acid, retinol, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, salicylamide, salicylic acid, selenium sulfide, shale tar, sulconazole, sulfur, sulfadiazine, tazarotene, terbinafine, terconazole, tetracaine, tetracycline, tetrahydrozoline, thymol, tioconazole, tolnaftate, triamcinolone diacetate, triamcinolone acetonide, triamcinolone hexacetonide, triclosan, triprolidine, undecylenic acid, urea, vitamin E acetate, wood tar, zinc pyrithione, glycolic acid, lactic acid, methyllactic acid, 4-hydroxy-mandelic acid, mandelic acid, gluconolactone, N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-proline, phenyl 2-acetoxyethanoic acid and diphenyl 2-acetoxyethanoic acid.

43. The composition of claim 1, further comprising an inorganic or organic alkali, or amphoteric.

44. The composition of claim 43, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 6 carbohydrate monomers.

45. The composition of claim 43, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 3 carbohydrate monomers.

46. The composition of claim 43, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains 2 carbohydrate monomers.

47. The composition of claim 43, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of lactobionolactone, maltobionolactone, isomaltobionolactone, cellobionolactone, chitobionolactone, gentiobionolactone, glucobionolactone, galactobionolactone, mannobionolactone, ribobionolactone, kojibionolactone, xylobionolactone, arabinobionolactone, nigerobionolactone, laminarabinobionolactone, maltotrionolactone, isomaltotrionolactone, chitotrionolactone, cellotrionolactone, gentiotrionolactone, maltotetraonolactone, cellotetraonolactone, and chitotetraonolactone.

48. The composition of claim 43, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycerbionic acids, erythrobionic acids, threobionic acids, ribobionic acids, arabinobionic acids, xylobionic acids, lyxobionic acids, allobionic acids, altrobionic acids, glucobionic acids, mannobionic acids, gulobionic acids, idobionic acids, galactobionic acids, talobionic acids, alloheptobionic acids, altroheptobionic acids, glucoheptobionic acids, mannoheptobionic acids, guloheptobionic acids, idoheptobionic acids, galactoheptobionic acids, taloheptobionic acids, chitobionic acids, hyalobiouronic acids, hyalourobionic acids, chondrosines, chondrosinbionic acids, cellobiouronic acids, and cellourobionic acids.

49. The composition of claim 43, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of isolactobionic acid, maltobionic acid, isomaltobionic acid, cellobionic acid, gentiobionic acid, laminarabionic acid, melibionic acid, nigerobionic acid, rutinobionic acid, sophorobionic acid, and kojibionic acid.

50. The composition of claim 43, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycertrionic acids, erythrotrionic acids, threotrionic acids, ribotrionic acids, arabinotrionic acids, xylotrionic acids, lyxotrionic acids, allotrionic acids, altrotrionic acids, glucotrionic acids, mannotrionic acids, gulotrionic acids, idotrionic acids, galactotrionic acids, talotrionic acids, alloheptotrionic acids, altroheptotrionic acids, glucoheptotrionic acids, mannoheptotrionic acids, guloheptotrionic acids, idoheptotrionic acids, galactoheptotrionic acids, taloheptotrionic acids, chitotrionic acids, hyalotriouronic acids, hyalourotrionic acids, chondrosintrionic acids, cellotriouronic acids and cellourotrionic acids.

51. The composition of claim 43, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of aldotetraonic acids, aldopentaonic acids, aldohexaonic acids, aldoheptaonic acids, aldooctaonic acids, aldononaonic acids, and aldodecaonic acids.

52. The composition of claim 43, wherein said inorganic alkali is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, and alkalis formed from potassium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, aluminum, zinc, and lithium.

53. The composition of claim 43, wherein said organic alkali is selected from the group consisting of amines, hydroxylamines, imines, guanidines, amine oxides, alkanolamines, alkoxylated amines, alkylamido alkylamines, organic amines, polyamines, hydroxylamines, amino acid esters, amino acid amides, aminosaccharides, aminoalditols, aminocyclitols, fattyamines, and imidazolines.

54. The composition of claim 43, wherein said organic alkali is selected from the group consisting of diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, aminobutanol, aminoethyl propanediol, aminomethyl propanol, aminomethyl propanediol, isopropylamine, methylethanolamine, disopropylamine, dipropylenetriamine, glucanine, N-methylglucamine, mo rphol ine, tromethanine, cocamines, soyamines, oleamines, stearamines, quaterniums, creatinine, glycine ethyl ester, arginine ethyl ester, lysine methyl ester, proline ethyl ester, citrulline benzyl ester, glycinamide, argininamide, prolinamide, lysinamide, glucamine, methylglucamine, glucosamines and glucosylamines, other glycosamines and glycosylamines, aminoinositols, chitosan, stearamidoethyl diethylamine, stearamidopropyl dimethylamine, stearamidoethyl diethanolamine, and quaternary ammonium hydroxide.

55. The composition of claim 43, wherein said amphoteric is selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, proteins and related compounds.

56. The composition of claim 43, wherein said amphoteric is selected from the group consisting of glycine, arginine, lysine, cysteine, proline, glutamine, histidine, asparagine, tyrosine, ornithine, citrulline, creatine, creatinine, and tryptophan.

58. The method of claim 57, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 6 carbohydrate monomers.

59. The method of claim 57, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 3 carbohydrate monomers.

60. The method of claim 57, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or.nonisomeric, free acid, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains 2 carbohydrate monomers.

61. The method of claim 57, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of lactobionolactone, maltobionolactone, isomaltobionolactone, cellobionolactone, chitobionolactone, gentiobionolactone, glucobionolactone, galactobionolactone, mannobionolactone, ribobionolactone, kojibionolactone, xylobionolactone, arabinobionolactone, nigerobionolactone, laminarabinobionolactone, maltotrionolactone, isomaltotrionolactone, chitotrionolactone, cellotrionolactone, gentiotrionolactone, maltotetraonolactone, cellotetraonolactone, and chitotetraonolactone.

62. The method of claim 57, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycerbionic acids, erythrobionic acids, threobionic acids, ribobionic acids, arabinobionic acids, xylobionic acids, lyxobionic acids, allobionic acids, altrobionic acids, glucobionic acids, mannobionic acids, gulobionic acids, idobionic acids, galactobionic acids, talobionic acids, alloheptobionic acids, altroheptobionic acids, glucoheptobionic acids, mannoheptobionic acids, guloheptobionic acids, idoheptobionic acids, galactoheptobionic acids, taloheptobionic acids, chitobionic acids, hyalobiouronic acids, hyalourobionic acids, chondrosines, chondrosinbionic acids, cellobiouronic acids, and cellourobionic acids.

63. The method of claim 57, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of isolactobionic acid, maltobionic acid, isomaltobionic acid, cellobionic acid, gentiobionic acid, laminarabionic acid, melibionic acid, nigerobionic acid, rutinobionic acid, sophorobionic acid, and kojibionic acid.

64. The method of claim 57, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycertrionic acids, erythrotrionic acids, threotrionic acids, ribotrionic acids, arabinotrionic acids, xylotrionic acids, lyxotrionic acids, allotrionic acids, altrotrionic acids, glucotrionic acids, mannotrionic acids, gulotrionic acids, idotrionic acids, galactotrionic acids, talotrionic acids, alloheptotrionic acids, altroheptotrionic acids, glucoheptotrionic acids, mannoheptotrionic acids, guloheptotrionic acids, idoheptotrionic acids, galactoheptotrionic acids, taloheptotrionic acids, chitotrionic acids, hyalotriouronic acids, hyalourotrionic acids, chondrosintrionic acids, cellotriouronic acids and cellourotrionic acids.

65. The method of claim 57, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of aldotetraonic acids, aldopentaonic acids, aldohexaonic acids, aldoheptaonic acids, aldooctaonic acids, aldononaonic acids, and aldodecaonic acids.

66. The method of claim 57, wherein said inorganic alkali is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, and alkalis formed from potassium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, aluminum, zinc, and lithium.

67. The method of claim 57, wherein said organic alkali is selected from the group consisting of amines, hydroxylamines, imines, guanidines, amine oxides, alkanolamines, alkoxylated amines, alkylamido alkylamines, polyamines, hydroxylamines, amino acid esters, amino acid amides, aminosaccharides, aminoalditols, aminocyclitols, fattyamines, and imidazolines.

68. The method of claim 57, wherein said organic alkali is selected from the group consisting of diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, aminobutanol, aminoethyl propanediol, aminomethyl propanol, aminomethyl propanediol, isopropylamine, methylethanolamine, diisopropylamine, dipropylenetriamine, glucamine, N-methylglucamine, morpholine, tromethamine, cocamines, soyamines, oleamines, stearamines, quaterniums, creatinine, glycine ethyl ester, arginine ethyl ester, lysine methyl ester, proline ethyl ester, citrulline benzyl ester, glycinamide, argininamide, prolinamide, lysinamide, glucosamines and glucosylamines, other glycosamines and glycosylamines, aminoinositols, chitosan, stearamidoethyl diethylamine, stearamidopropyl dimethylamine, stearamidoethyl diethanolamine, and quaternary ammonium hydroxide.

69. The method of claim 57, wherein said amphoteric substance is selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, proteins and related compounds.

70. The method of claim 57, wherein said amphoteric substance is selected from the group consisting of glycine, arginine, lysine, cysteine, proline, glutamine, asparagine, tyrosine, ornithine, citrulline, creatine, histidine, creatinine, canavanine, and tryptophan.

10. A method for treating or preventing cosmetic conditions or dermatological disorders, comprising topically applying a composition comprising (A) a topically acceptable vehicle or base and (B) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oligosaccharaide aldonic acids and related compounds, and isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, and straight or branched chain, or cyclic forms thereof,

wherein said oligosaccharide aldonic acid has the formula:

R₁(CHOR₂)_m(CH₂)_n COOR₃

wherein,

R₁ and R₃ are independently H or an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain or cyclic form, having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms;

mis 2,3,4,5,6,7, 8,9,10 Or 11;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9;

R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of H and any carbohydrate having 1 to 9 monomers, wherein at least one R₂ is a carbohydrate;

H attached to carbon atom is optionally substituted by 1, F, Cl, Br, NH₂, NHCOCH₃, SH, or an alkyl, alkoxyl, aralkyl or aryl group of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain or cyclic form, having 1 to 9 carbon atoms;

R₁, R₂, OR₂ or H optionally carry or are optionally substituted with CHO, COOH, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, or a lower alkoxyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and

H of the OH group is optionally substituted by an acyl group having from 2 to 25 carbon atoms,

and wherein said oligosaccharide aldonic acid is not lactobionic acid.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 6 carbohydrate monomers.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 3 carbohydrate monomers.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains 2 carbohydrate monomers.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least- one member selected from the group consisting of lactobionolactone, maltobionolactone, isomaltobionolactone, cellobionolactone, chitobionolactone, gentiobionolactone, glucobionolactone, galactobionolactone, mannobionolactone, ribobionolactone, kojibionolactone, xylobionolactone, arabinobionolactone, nigerobionblactone, laminarabinobionolactone, maltotrionolactone, isomaltotrionolactone, chitotrionolactone, cellotrionolactone, gentiotrionolactone, maltotetraonolactone, cellotetraonolactone, and chitotetraonolactone.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycerbionic acids, erythrobionic acids, threobionic acids, ribobionic acids, arabinobionic acids, xylobionic acids, lyxobionic acids, allobionic acids, altrobionic acids, glucobionic acids, mannobionic acids, gulobionic acids, idobionic acids, galactobionic acids, talobionic acids, alloheptobionic acids, altroheptobionic acids, glucoheptobionic acids, mannoheptobionic acids, guloheptobionic acids, idoheptobionic acids, galactoheptobionic acids, taloheptobionic acids, chitobionic acids, hyalobiouronic acids, hyalourobionic acids, chondrosines, chondrosinbionic acids, cellobiouronic acids, and cellourobionic acids.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of isolactobionic acid, maltobionic acid, isomaltobionic acid, cellobionic acid, gentiobionic acid, laminarabionic acid, melibionic acid, nigerobionic acid, rutinobionic acid, sophorobionic acid, and kojibionic acid.

17. The method of claim 10, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycertrionic acids, erythrotrionic acids, threotrionic acids, ribotrionic acids, arabinotrionic acids, xylotrionic acids, lyxotrionic acids, allotrionic acids, altrotrionic acids, glucotrionic acids, mannotrionic acids, gulotrionic acids, idotrionic acids, galactotrionic acids, talotrionic acids, alloheptotrionic acids, altroheptotrionic acids, glucoheptotrionic acids, mannoheptotrionic acids, guloheptotrionic acids, idoheptotrionic acids, galactoheptotrionic acids, taloheptotrionic acids, chitotrionic acids, hyalotriouronic. acids, hyalourotrionic acids, chondrosintrionic acids, cellotriouronic acids and cellourotrionic acids.

18. The method of claim 10, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of aldotetraonic acids, aldopentaonic acids, aldohexaonic acids, aldoheptaonic acids, aldooctaonic acids, aldononaonic acids, and aldodecaonic acids.

19. The method of claim 10, wherein said cosmetic conditions or dermatological disorders are selected from the group consisting of disturbed keratinization, defective syntheses of dermal components, and changes associated with aging of skin, nail and hair;

and those indications which include dryness or loose of skin, nail and hair;

xerosis;

ichthyosis;

palmar and plantar hyperkeratoses;

uneven and rough surface of skin, nail and hair;

dandruff;

Darier'"'"'s disease;

lichen simplex chronicus;

keratoses;

acne;

pseudofolliculitis barbae;

eczema;

psoriasis;

itchy scalp and skin;

pruritus;

warts;

herpes;

age spots;

lentigines;

melasmas;

blemished skin;

hyperkeratoses;

hyperpigmented skin;

abnormal or diminished syntheses of collagen, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and elastin as well as diminished levels of such components in the dermis;

stretch marks;

skin lines;

fine lines;

wrinkles;

thinning of skin, nail plate and hair;

skin thickening due to elastosis of photoaging, loss or reduction of skin, nail and hair resiliency, elasticity and recoilability;

lack of skin, nail and hair lubricants and luster;

dull and older-looking skin, nail and hair; and

fragility and splitting of nail and hair.

31. The method of claim 10, wherein said composition further comprises a cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or other topical agent.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 6 carbohydrate monomers.

33. The method of claim 31, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 3 carbohydrate monomers.

34. The method of claim 31, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains 2 carbohydrate monomers.

35. The method of claim 31, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of lactobionolactone, maltobionolactone, isomaltobionolactone, cellobionolactone, chitobionolactone, gentiobionolactone, glucobionolactone, galactobionolactone, mannobionolactone, ribobionolactone, kojibionolactone, xylobionolactone, arabinobionolactone, nigerobionolactone, laminarabinobionolactone, maltotrionolactone, isomaltotrionolactone, chitotrionolactone, cellotrionolactone, gentiotrionolactone, maltotetraonolactone, cellotetraonolactone, and chitotetraonolactone.

36. The method of claim 31, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycerbionic acids, erythrobionic acids, threobionic acids, ribobionic acids, arabinobionic acids, xylobionic acids, lyxobionic acids, allobionic acids, altrobionic acids, glucobionic acids, mannobionic acids, gulobionic acids, idobionic acids, galactobionic acids, talobionic acids, alloheptobionic acids, altroheptobionic acids, glucoheptobionic acids, mannoheptobionic acids, guloheptobionic acids, idoheptobionic acids, galactoheptobionic acids, taloheptobionic acids, chitobionic acids, hyalobiouronic acids, hyalourobionic acids, chondrosines, chondrosinbionic acids, cellobiouronic acids, and cellourobionic acids.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of isolactobionic acid, maltobionic acid, isomaltobionic acid, cellobionic acid, gentiobionic acid, laminarabionic acid, melibionic acid, nigerobionic acid, rutinobionic acid, sophorobionic acid, and kojibionic acid.

38. The method of claim 31, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycertrionic acids, erythrotrionic acids, threotrionic acids, ribotrionic acids, arabinotrionic acids, xylotrionic acids, lyxotrionic acids, allotrionic acids, altrotrionic acids, glucotrionic acids, mannotrionic acids, gulotrionic acids, idotrionic acids, galactotrionic acids, talotrionic acids, alloheptotrionic acids, altroheptotrionic acids, glucoheptotrionic acids, mannoheptotrionic acids, guloheptotrionic acids, idoheptotrionic acids, galactoheptotrionic acids, taloheptotrionic acids, chitotrionic acids, hyalotriouronic acids, hyalourotrionic acids, chondrosintrionic acids, cellotriouronic acids and cellourotrionic acids.

39. The method of claim 31, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of aldotetraonic acids, aldopentaonic acids, aldohexaonic acids, aldoheptaonic acids, aldooctaonic acids, aldononaonic acids, and aldodecaonic acids.

40. The method of claim 31, wherein said cosmetic conditions or dermatological disorders are selected from the group consisting of disturbed keratinization, defective syntheses of dermal components, and changes associated with aging of skin, nail and hair;

and those indications which include dryness or loose of skin, nail and hair;

xerosis;

ichthyosis;

palmar and plantar hyperkeratoses;

uneven and rough surface of skin, nail and hair;

dandruff;

Darier'"'"'s disease;

lichen simplex chronicus;

keratoses;

acne;

pseudofolliculitis barbae;

eczema;

psoriasis;

itchy scalp and skin;

pruritus;

warts;

herpes;

age spots;

lentigines;

melasmas;

blemished skin;

hyperkeratoses;

hyperpigmented skin;

abnormal or diminished syntheses of collagen, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and elastin as well as diminished levels of such components in the dermis;

stretch marks;

skin lines;

fine lines;

wrinkles;

thinning of skin, nail plate and hair;

skin thickening due to elastosis of photoaging, loss or reduction of skin, nail and hair resiliency, elasticity and recoilability;

lack of skin, nail and hair lubricants and luster;

dull and older-looking skin, nail and hair; and

fragility and splitting of nail and hair.

41. The method of claim 31, wherein said cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or other topical agent is selected from the group consisting of agents that that improve or eradicate age spots, keratoses and wrinkles;

local analgesics and anesthetics;

antiacne agents;

antibacterials;

antiyeast agents;

antifungal agents;

antiviral agents;

antidandruff agents;

antidermatitis agents;

antihistamine agents;

antipruritic agents;

antiemetics;

antimotion sickness agents;

antiinflammatory agents;

antihyperkeratolytic agents;

antiperspirants;

antipsoriatic agents;

antiseborrheic agents;

hair conditioners and hair treatment agents;

antiaging and antiwrinkle agents;

sunblock and sunscreen agents;

skin lightening agents;

depigmenting agents;

vitamins;

corticosteroids;

tanning agents;

hormones;

retinoids;

topical cardiovascular agents;

hydroxyacids, ketoacids and related compounds;

phenyl alpha acyloxyalkanoic acids and derivatives thereof; and

N-acetyl-aldosamines, N-acetylamino acids and related N-acetyl compounds.

42. The method of claim 31, wherein said cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or other topical agent is selected from the group consisting of aclovate, acyclovir, acetylsalicylic acid, adapalene, albuterol, aluminum acetate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chlorohydroxide, amantadine, aminacrine, aminobenzoic acid (PABA), aminocaproic acid, aminosalicylic acid, amitriptyline, anthralin, ascorbic acid, ascoryl palimate, atropine, azelaic acid, bacitracin, bemegride, beclomethasone dipropionate, benzophenone, benzoyl peroxide, betamethasone dipropionate, betamethasone valerate, brompheniramine, bupivacaine, butoconazole, calcipotriene, camphor, capsaicin, carbamide peroxide, chitosan, chlorhexidine, chloroxylenol, chlorpheniramine, ciclopirox, clemastine, clindamycin, clioquinol, clobetasol propionate, clotrimazole, coal tar, cromolyn, crotamiton, cycloserine, dehydroepiandrosterone, desoximetasone, dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, doxypin, doxylamine, dyclonine, econazole, erythromycin, estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, fluocinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, 5-fluorouracil, griseofulvin, guaifenesin, haloprogin, hexylresorcinol, homosalate, hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone 21-acetate, hydrocortisone 17-valerate, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate, hydrogen peroxide, hydroquinone, hydroquinone monoether, hydroxyzine, ibuprofen, ichthammol, imiquimod, indomethacin, ketoconazole, ketoprofen, kojic acid, lidocaine, meclizine, meclocycline, menthol, mepivacaine, methyl nicotinate, methyl salicylate, metronidazole, miconazole, minocycline, minoxidil, monobenzone, mupirocin, naftifine, naproxen, neomycin, nystatin, octyl methoxycinnamate, octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, oxiconazole, oxymetazoline, padimate O, permethrin, pheniramine, phenol, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, piperonyl butoxide, podophyllin, podofilox, povidone iodine, pramoxine, prilocaine, procaine, promethazine propionate, propranolol, pseudoephedrine, pyrethrin, pyrilamine, resorcinol, retinal, 13-cis retinoic acid, retinoic acid, retinol, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, salicylamide, salicylic acid, selenium sulfide, shale tar, sulconazole, sulfur, sulfadiazine, tazarotene, terbinafine, terconazole, tetracaine, tetracycline, tetrahydrozoline, thymol, tioconazole, tolnaftate, triamcinolone diacetate, triamcinolone acetonide, triamcinolone hexacetonide, triclosan, triprolidine, undecylenic acid, urea, vitamin E acetate, wood tar, zinc pyrithione, glycolic acid, lactic acid, methyllactic acid, 4-hydroxy-mandelic acid, mandelic acid, gluconolactone, N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-proline, phenyl 2-acetoxyethanoic acid and diphenyl 2-acetoxyethanoic acid.

57. The method of claim 10, wherein said composition further comprises an inorganic or organic alkali, or amphoteric substance.

71. A method for general care or treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions of the oral or vaginal mucosa or for treating skin wounds, comprising topically applying a composition comprising (A) a topically acceptable vehicle or base and (B) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oligosaccharaide aldonic acids and related compounds, and isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, and straight or branched chain, or cyclic forms thereof,

wherein said oligosaccharide aldonic acid has the formula:

R₁(CHOR₂)_m(CH₂)_n COOR₃

wherein,

R₁ and R₃ are independently H or an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain or cyclic form, having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms;

mis 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9;

R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of H and any carbohydrate having 1 to 9 monomers, wherein at least one R₂ is a carbohydrate;

H attached to carbon atom is optionally substituted by I, F, Cl, Br, NH₂, NHCOCH₃, SH, or an alkyl, alkoxyl, aralkyl or aryl group of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain or cyclic form, having 1 to 9 carbon atoms;

R₁, R₂, OR₂ or H optionally carry or are optionally substituted with CHO, COOH, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, or a lower alkoxyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and

H of the OH group is optionally substituted by an acyl group having from 2 to 25 carbon atoms.

72. The method of claim 71, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 6 carbohydrate monomers.

73. The method of claim 71, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 3 carbohydrate monomers.

74. The method of claim 71, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains 2 carbohydrate monomers.

75. The method of claim 71, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of lactobionolactone, maltobionolactone, isomaltobionolactone, cellobionolactone, chitobionolactone, gentiobionolactone, glucobionolactone, galactobionolactone, mannobionolactone, ribobionolactone, kojibionolactone, xylobionolactone, arabinobionolactone, nigerobionolactone, laminarabinobionolactone, maltotrionolactone, isomaltotrionolactone, chitotrionolactone, cellotrionolactone, gentiotrionolactone, maltotetraonolactone, cellotetraonolactone, and chitotetraonolactone.

76. The method of claim 71, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycerbionic acids, erythrobionic acids, threobionic acids, ribobionic acids, arabinobionic acids, xylobionic acids, lyxobionic acids, allobionic acids, altrobionic acids, glucobionic acids, mannobionic acids, gulobionic acids, idobionic acids, galactobionic acids, talobionic acids, alloheptobionic acids, altroheptobionic acids, glucoheptobionic acids, mannoheptobionic acids, guloheptobionic acids, idoheptobionic acids, galactoheptobionic acids, taloheptobionic acids, chitobionic acids, hyalobiouronic acids, hyalourobionic acids, chondrosines, chondrosinbionic acids, cellobiouronic acids, and cellourobionic acids.

77. The method of claim 76, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of lactobionic acid, isolactobionic acid, maltobionic acid, isomaltobionic acid, cellobionic acid, gentiobionic acid, laminarabionic acid, melibionic acid, nigerobionic acid, rutinobionic acid, sophorobionic acid, and kojibionic acid.

78. The method of claim 71, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycertrionic acids, erythrotrionic acids, threotrionic acids, ribotrionic acids, arabinotrionic acids, xylotrionic acids, lyxotrionic acids, allotrionic acids, altrotrionic acids, glucotrionic acids, mannotrionic acids, gulotrionic acids, idotrionic acids, galactotrionic acids, talotrionic acids, alloheptotrionic acids, altroheptotrionic acids, glucoheptotrionic acids, mannoheptotrionic acids, guloheptotrionic acids, idoheptotrionic acids, galactoheptotrionic acids, taloheptotrionic acids, chitotrionic acids, hyalotriouronic acids, hyalourotrionic acids, chondrosintrionic acids, cellotriouronic acids and cellourotrionic acids.

79. The method of claim 71, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of aldotetraonic acids, aldopentaonic acids, aldohexaonic acids, aldoheptaonic acids, aldooctaonic acids, aldononaonic acids, and aldodecaonic acids.

80. The method of claim 71, wherein said skin wounds are selected from the group consisting of skin cuts, tears, lacerations, burns, and punctures.

81. The method of claim 71, wherein said composition further comprises a cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or other topical agent.

82. The method of claim 81, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 6 carbohydrate monomers.

83. The method of claim 81, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight. or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 3 carbohydrate monomers.

84. The method of claim 81, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains 2 carbohydrate monomers.

85. The method of claim 81, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of lactobionolactone, maltobionolactone, isomaltobionolactone, cellobionolactone, chitobionolactone, gentiobionolactone, glucobionolactone, galactobionolactone, mannobionolactone, ribobionolactone, kojibionolactone, xylobionolactone, arabinobionolactone, nigerobionolactone, laminarabinobionolactone, maltotrionolactone, isomaltotrionolactone, chitotrionolactone, cellotrionolactone, gentiotrionolactone, maltotetraonolactone, cellotetraonolactone, and chitotetraonolactone.

86. The method of claim 81, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycerbionic acids, erythrobionic acids, threobionic acids, ribobionic acids, arabinobionic acids, xylobionic acids, lyxobionic acids, allobionic acids, altrobionic acids, glucobionic acids, mannobionic acids;

gulobionic acids, idobionic acids, galactobionic acids, talobionic acids, alloheptobionic acids, altroheptobionic acids, glucoheptobionic acids, mannoheptobionic acids, guloheptobionic acids, idoheptobionic acids, galactoheptobionic acids, taloheptobionic acids, chitobionic acids, hyalobiouronic acids, hyalourobionic acids, chondrosines, chondrosinbionic acids, cellobiouronic acids, and cellourobionic acids.

87. The method of claim 86, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of lactobionic acid, isolactobionic acid, maltobionic acid, isomaltobionic acid, cellobionic acid, gentiobionic acid, laminarabionic acid, melibionic acid, nigerobionic acid, rutinobionic acid, sophorobionic acid, and kojibionic acid.

88. The method of claim 81, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycertrionic acids, erythrotrionic acids, threotrionic acids, ribotrionic acids, arabinotrionic acids, xylotrionic acids, lyxotrionic acids, allotrionic acids, altrotrionic acids, glucotrionic acids, mannotrionic acids, gulotrionic acids, idotrionic acids, galactotrionic acids, talotrionic acids, alloheptotrionic acids, altroheptotrionic acids, glucoheptotrionic acids, mannoheptotrionic acids, guloheptotrionic acids, idoheptotrionic acids, galactoheptotrionic acids, taloheptotrionic acids, chitotrionic acids, hyalotriouronic acids, hyalourotrionic acids, chondrosintrionic acids, cellotriouronic acids and cellourotrionic acids.

89. The method of claim 81,- wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of aldotetraonic acids, aldopentaonic acids, aldohexaonic acids, aldoheptaonic acids, aldooctaonic acids, aldononaonic acids, and aldodecaonic acids.

90. The method of claim 81, wherein said skin wounds are selected from the group consisting of skin cuts, tears, lacerations, burns, and punctures.

91. The method of claim 71, wherein said composition further comprises an inorganic or organic alkali, or amphoteric.

92. The method of claim 91, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 6 carbohydrate monomers.

93. The method of claim 91, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains from 2 to 3 carbohydrate monomers.

94. The method of claim 91, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof contains 2 carbohydrate monomers.

95. The method of claim 91, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of lactobionolactone, maltobionolactone, isomaltobionolactone, cellobionolactone, chitobionolactone, gentiobionolactone, glucobionolactone, galactobionolactone, mannobionolactone, ribobionolactone, kojibionolactone, xylobionolactone, arabinobionolactone, nigerobionolactone, laminarabinobionolactone, maltotrionolactone, isomaltotrionolactone, chitotrionolactone, cellotrionolactone, gentiotrionolactone, maltotetraonolactone, cellotetraonolactone, and chitotetraonolactone.

96. The method of claim 91, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester,. salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycerbionic acids, erythrobionic acids, threobionic acids, ribobionic acids, arabinobionic acids, xylobionic acids, lyxobionic acids, allobionic acids, altrobionic acids, glucobionic acids, mannobionic acids, gulobionic acids, idobionic acids, galactobionic acids, talobionic acids, alloheptobionic acids, altroheptobionic acids, glucoheptobionic acids, mannoheptobionic acids, guloheptobionic acids, idoheptobionic acids, galactoheptobionic acids, taloheptobionic acids, chitobionic acids, hyalobiouronic acids, hyalourobionic acids, chondrosines, chondrosinbionic acids, cellobiouronic acids, and cellourobionic acids.

97. The method of claim 91, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of lactobionic acid, isolactobionic acid, maltobionic acid-, isomaltobionic acid, cellobionic acid, gentiobionic acid, laminarabionic acid, melibionic acid, nigerobionic acid, rutinobionic acid, sophorobionic acid, and kojibionic acid.

98. The method of claim 91, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycertrionic acids, erythrotrionic acids, threotrionic acids, ribotrionic acids, arabinotrionic acids, xylotrionic acids, lyxotrionic acids, allotrionic acids, altrotrionic acids, glucotrionic acids, mannotrionic acids, gulotrionic acids, idotrionic acids, galactotrionic acids, talotrionic acids, alloheptotrionic acids, altroheptotrionic acids, glucoheptotrionic acids, mannoheptotrionic acids, guloheptotrionic acids, idoheptotrionic acids, galactoheptotrionic acids, taloheptotrionic acids, chitotrionic acids, hyalotriouronic acids, hyalourotrionic acids, chondrosintrionic acids, cellotriouronic acids and cellourotrionic acids.

99. The method of claim 91, wherein said oligosaccharaide aldonic acid or related compound, or isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain, or cyclic form thereof is at least one member selected from the group consisting of aldotetraonic acids, aldopentaonic acids, aldohexaonic acids, aldoheptaonic acids, aldooctaonic acids, aldononaonic acids, and aldodecaonic acids.

100. The method of claim 91, wherein said inorganic alkali is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, and alkalis formed from potassium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, aluminum, zinc, and lithium.

101. The method of claim 91, wherein said organic alkali is selected from the group consisting of amines, hydroxylamines, imines, guanidines, amine oxides, alkanolamines, alkoxylated amines, alkylamido alkylamines, organic amines, polyamines, hydroxylamines, amino acid esters, amino acid amides, aminosaccharides, aminoalditols, aminocyclitols, fattyamines, and imidazolines.

102. The method of claim 91, wherein said organic aLkali is selected from the group consisting of diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, aminobutanol, aminoethyl propanediol, aminomethyl propanol, aminomethyl propanediol, isopropylamine, methylethanolamine, diisopropylamine, dipropylenetriamine, glucamine, N-methylglucamine, morpholine, tromethamine, cocamines, soyamines, oleamines, stearamines, quaterniums, creatinine, glycine ethyl ester, arginine ethyl ester, lysine methyl ester, proline ethyl ester, citrulline benzyl ester, glycinamide, argininamide, prolinamide, lysinamide, glucamine, methylglucamine, glucosamines and glucosylamines, other glycosamines and glycosylamines, aminoinositols, chitosan, stearamidoethyl diethylamine, stearamidopropyl dimethylamine, stearamidoethyl diethanolamine, and quaternary ammonium hydroxide.

103. The method of claim 91, wherein said amphoteric is selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, polypeptides, proteins and related compounds.

104. The method of claim 91, wherein said amphoteric is selected from the group consisting of glycine, arginine, lysine, cysteine, proline, glutamine, asparagine, tyrosine, ornithine, citrulline, creatine, histidine, canavanine, and tryptophan.

105. A method of using lactobionic acid for general treatment of skin and nail and topical treatment or prevention of cosmetic conditions or dermatological disorders selected from the indications consisting of dryness of skin, nail and hair;

xerosis;

ichthyosis;

palmar and plantar hyperkeratoses;

uneven and rough surface of skin, nail and hair;

dandruff;

Darier'"'"'s disease;

lichen simplex chronicus;

keratoses;

acne;

pseudofolliculitis barbae;

eczema;

psoriasis;

pruritus;

warts;

herpes;

age spots;

lentigines;

melasmas;

blemished skin;

mottled skin;

hyperkeratoses;

hyperpigmented skin;

stretch marks;

thinning of nail plate and hair;

fragility and splitting of nail and hair;

wound-healing and treatment of skin wounds;

general care as well as treatment and prevention of diseases and conditions of oral, gum and vaginal mucosa.

106. The method of claim 105, further comprising a cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or other topical agent selected from the group consisting of local analgesics and anesthetics;

antibacterials;

antiyeast agents;

antifungal agents;

antiviral agents;

antidandruff agents;

antidermatitis agents;

antihistamine agents;

antipruritic agents;

antiemetics;

antimotion sickness agents;

antiinflammatory agents;

antihyperkeratolytic agents;

antiperspirants;

antipsoriatic agents;

antiseborrheic agents;

vitamins;

corticosteroids;

tanning agents;

hormones;

retinoids;

wound healing agents;

oral and vaginal care or treatment agents;

gum disease treatment or care agents;

hydroxyacids, ketoacids and related compounds;

phenyl alpha acyloxyalkanoic acids and derivatives thereof; and

N-acetyl-aldosamines, N-acetylamino acids and related N-acetyl compounds.

107. The method of claim 106, wherein said cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or other topical agent is selected from the group consisting of aclovate, acyclovir, acetylsalicylic acid, adapalene, albuterol, aluminum acetate, aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chlorohydroxide, amantadine, aminacrine, aminobenzoic acid (PABA), aminocaproic acid, aminosalicylic acid, amitriptyline, anthralin, ascorbic acid, ascoryl palimate, atropine, azelaic acid, bacitracin, bemegride, beclomethasone dipropionate, benzophenone, benzoyl peroxide, betamethasone dipropionate, betamethasone valerate, brompheniramine, bupivacaine, butoconazole, calcipotriene, camphor, capsaicin, carbamide peroxide, chitosan, chlorhexidine, chloroxylenol, chlorpheniramine, ciclopirox, clemastine, clindamycin, clioquinol, clobetasol propionate, clotrimazole, coal tar, cromolyn, crotamiton, cycloserine, dehydroepiandrosterone, desoximetasone, dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, doxypin, doxylamine, dyclonine, econazole, erythromycin, estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, fluocinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, 5-fluorouracil, griseofulvin, guaifenesin, haloprogin, hexylresorcinol, homosalate, hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone 21-acetate, hydrocortisone 17-valerate, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate, hydrogen peroxide, hydroquinone, hydroquinone monoether, hydroxyzine, ibuprofen, ichthammol, imiquimod, indomethacin, ketoconazole, ketoprofen, kojic acid, lidocaine, meclizine, meclocycline, menthol, mepivacaine, methyl nicotinate, methyl salicylate, metronidazole, miconazole, minocycline, minoxidil, monobenzone, mupirocin, naftifine, naproxen, neomycin, nystatin, octyl methoxycinnamate, octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, oxiconazole, oxymetazoline, padimate O, permethrin, pheniramine, phenol, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, piperonyl butoxide, podophyllin, podofilox, povidone iodine, pramoxine, prilocaine, procaine, promethazine propionate, propranolol, pseudoephedrine, pyrethrin, pyrilamine, resorcinol, retinal, 13-cis retinoic acid, retinoic acid, retinol, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, salicylamide, salicylic acid, selenium sulfide, shale tar, sulconazole, sulfur, sulfadiazine, tazarotene, terbinafine, terconazole, tetracaine, tetracycline, tetrahydrozoline, thymol, tioconazole, tolnaftate, triamcinolone diacetate, triamcinolone acetonide, triamcinolone hexacetonide, triclosan, triprolidine, undecylenic acid, urea, vitamin E acetate, wood tar, zinc pyrithione, glycolic acid, lactic acid, methyllactic acid, mandelic acid, 4-hydroxy-mandelic acid, gluconolactone, N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-proline, phenyl 2-acetoxyethanoic acid and diphenyl 2-acetoxyethanoic acid.

108. The method claim 105, wherein said lactobionic acid is free acid, ester, salt, partial salt or lactone.

109. A method of forming on the skin, hair, nail or mucosa a gel matrix comprising applying to the the skin, hair, nail or mucosa at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oligosaccharaide aldonic acids and related compounds, and isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, and straight or branched chain, or cyclic forms thereof,

wherein said oligosaccharide aldonic acid has the formula:

R₁(CHOR₂)_m(CH₂)_n COOR₃

wherein,

R₁ and R₃ are independently H or an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain or cyclic form, having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms;

m is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9;

R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of H and any carbohydrate having 1 to 9 monomers, wherein at least one R₂ is a carbohydrate;

H attached to carbon atom is optionally substituted by I, F, Cl, Br, NH₂, NHCOCH₃, SH, or an alkyl, alkoxyl, aralkyl or aryl group of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain or cyclic form, having 1 to 9 carbon atoms;

R₁, R₂, OR₂ or H optionally carry or are optionally substituted with CHO, COOH, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, or a lower alkoxyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and

H of the OH group is optionally substituted by an acyl group having from 2 to 25 carbon atoms.

110. An antioxidant comprising (A) an acceptable vehicle or base and (B) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oligosaccharaide aldonic acids and related compounds, and isomeric or nonisomeric, free acid, ester, salt, partial salt, lactone, saturated or unsaturated, and straight or branched chain, or cyclic forms thereof,

wherein said oligosaccharide aldonic acid has the formula:

R₁ (CHOR₂)_m(CH₂)_n COOR₃

wherein,

R₁ and R₃ are independently H or an alky, aralkyl or aryl group of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain or cyclic form, having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms;

m is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11;

n is0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9;

R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of H and any carbohydrate having 1 to 9 monomers, wherein at least one R₂ is a carbohydrate;

H attached to carbon atom is optionally substituted by I, F, Cl, Br, NH₂, NHCOCH₃, SH, or an alkyl, alkoxyl, aralkyl or aryl group of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain or cyclic form, having 1 to 9 carbon atoms;

R₁, R₂, OR₂ or H optionally carry or are optionally substituted with CHO, COOH, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, or a lower alkoxyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and

H of the OH group is optionally substituted by an acyl group having from 2 to 25 carbon atoms.