Novel radiosurgery methods that utilize stereotactic methods to precisely deliver high dosages of radiation especially to the spine

• US 20020032378A1
• Filed: 04/05/2001
• Published: 03/14/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 04/05/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Georgetown University
• Original Assignee: Georgetown University
• Inventors: Rodgers, James, Henderson, Fraser C., Niroomand-Rad, Azam, Der, Leon, Dritschilo, Anatoly, Cleary, Kevin
• Granted Patent: US 6,665,555 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 600/427
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/101 for stereotaxic radiosurgery
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/0421 with immobilising means
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/50 specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/504 for diagnosis of blood vessels, e.g. by angiography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/505 for diagnosis of bone
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/1049 for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam

Abstract

A system for delivery of high dosage of radiation to a targeted spinal area is provided. This is accomplished by a system which provides for precise immobilization and positioning of the treated spinal area during dose planning and treatment via stereotactic radiosurgery. Advantages of the system include convenience to the patient, enhanced efficacy, and reduced risk of radiotoxicity to non-target tissues.

Claims

1. A method for delivery of a therapeutic dosage of radiation to a target site near the spine comprising the following steps:

(i) immobilizing the area of the spine of a patient that includes a target site that is to be treated using stereotactic radiosurgery;

(ii) obtaining CT images of said area of the spine;

(iii) transferring said CT images and using said images to identify a target volume (tissue to be irradiated) and critical structures (area that is to be protected from irradiation);

(iv) designing a stereotactic radiotherapeutic protocol based on the identified target volume and critical structure; and

(v) precisely aligning said patent in a determined position suitable for effecting said radiotherapeutic protocol; and

(vi) effecting said stereotactic radiosurgery protocol.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said patient is immobilized using a device that includes the placement of one or more screws in the cranial and iliac crest between a length of interposed spine including the target site.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said screws are attached to a reference system for stereotactic radiation treatment.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said reference system comprises the SpineLab Planar Fiducial (SPF).

5. The method of claim 3, wherein said system includes infrared (IR) markers that allow for the precise positioning of the patient.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said system includes infrared cameras.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein step (ii) comprises performing a spinal scan of a targeted area of the spine.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein step (ii) is effected at a specific phase of the respiratory cycle, or wherein step (ii) is effected whilst the patient is intubated and undergoing “

jet ventilation.”

.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein stereotactic radiosurgery (vi) includes respiratory gating of beam on or off during specific times of the respiratory cycle.

10. The method of claim 1 which is used to treat spinal tumors or metastases.

11. The method of claim 1, which is used to treat a radioresistant cancer.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said cancer is chordoma, chondrosarcoma, melanoma or renal cell carcinoma.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient undergoes treatment planning for irradiation which spares the vascular triangle (“

Toly Triangle”

).

15. The system of claim 14, wherein said SRS reference system comprises the SpineLab Planar Fiducial System.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein said system comprises infrared markers and stereocameras that allow for precise monitoring and alignment of the patient'"'"'s position.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein said means (v) for delivery of radiation includes the BrainLab-Varium micro-MultiLeaf Collimator (mMLC), or Accuray Cyberknife.

14. A system for effecting spinal stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) that comprises the following:

(i) a device that provides for the precise positioning and immobilization of the spine of a patient that is to be treated by SRS;

(ii) an SRS reference system that is affixed to the area of the spine or cranium or iliac crest of a patient that is to be treated by SRS that allows for precise determination of the position and alignment of the patient;

(iii) a CT scanning device that provides for the generation of CT images of a predetermined area of the immobilized spine of said patient;

(iv) a means for transferring said CT images to a radiation planning system that includes computer software that designs an appropriate SRS protocol based on said CT images; and

(v) means for effecting said SRS protocol.